Rotational Velocities for B0-B3 Stars in Seven Young Clusters: Further Study of the Relationship between Rotation Speed and Density in Star-Forming Regions
We present the results of a study aimed at assessing the differences inthe distribution of rotation speeds N(vsini) among young (1-15 Myr) Bstars spanning a range of masses 6 Msolar>1 Msolar pc-3)ensembles that will survive as rich, bound stellar clusters for ageswell in excess of 108 yr. Our results demonstrate (1) thatindependent of environment, the rotation rates for stars in this massrange do not change by more than 0.1 dex over ages t~1 to ~15 Myr; and(2) that stars formed in high-density regions lack the cohort of slowrotators that dominate the low-density regions and young field stars. Wesuggest that the differences in N(vsini) between low- and high-densityregions may reflect a combination of initial conditions andenvironmental effects: (1) the higher turbulent speeds that characterizemolecular gas in high-density, cluster-forming regions; and (2) thestronger UV radiation fields and high stellar densities thatcharacterize such regions. Higher turbulent speeds may lead to highertime-averaged accretion rates during the stellar assembly phase. In thecontext of stellar angular momentum regulation via ``disk-locking,''higher accretion rates lead to both higher initial angular momenta andevolution-driven increases in surface rotation rates as stars contractfrom the birth line to the zero-age main sequence (ZAMS). Stronger UVradiation fields and higher densities may lead to shorter disk lifetimesin cluster-forming regions. If so, B stars formed in dense clusters aremore likely to be ``released'' from their disks early during theirpre-main-sequence lifetimes and evolve into rapid rotators as theyconserve angular momentum and spin up in response to contraction. Bycontrast, the majority of their brethren in low-density,association-forming regions can retain their disks for much or all oftheir pre-main-sequence lifetimes, are ``locked'' by their disks torotate at constant angular speed, and lose angular momentum as theycontract toward the ZAMS, and thus arrive on the ZAMS as relativelyslowly rotating stars.
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Herbig Ae/Be Stars in nearby OB Associations
We have carried out a study of the early-type stars in nearby OBassociations spanning an age range of ~3-16 Myr, with the aim ofdetermining the fraction of stars that belong to the Herbig Ae/Be class.We studied the B, A, and F stars in the nearby (<=500 pc) OBassociations Upper Scorpius, Perseus OB2, Lacerta OB1, and Orion OB1,with membership determined from Hipparcos data. We also included in ourstudy the early-type stars in the Trumpler 37 cluster, part of the CepOB2 association. We obtained spectra for 440 Hipparcos stars in theseassociations, from which we determined accurate spectral types, visualextinctions, effective temperatures, luminosities and masses, usingHipparcos photometry. Using colors corrected for reddening, we find thatthe Herbig Ae/Be stars and the classical Be (CBe) stars occupy clearlydifferent regions in the JHK diagram. Thus, we use the location on theJHK diagram, as well as the presence of emission lines and of strong 12μm flux relative to the visual, to identify the Herbig Ae/Be stars inthe associations. We find that the Herbig Ae/Be stars constitute a smallfraction of the early-type stellar population even in the youngerassociations. Comparing the data from associations with different agesand assuming that the near-infrared excess in the Herbig Ae/Be starsarises from optically thick dusty inner disks, we determined theevolution of the inner disk frequency with age. We find that the innerdisk frequency in the age range 3-10 Myr in intermediate-mass stars islower than that in the low-mass stars (<1 Msolar) inparticular, it is a factor of ~10 lower at ~3 Myr. This indicates thatthe timescales for disk evolution are much shorter in theintermediate-mass stars, which could be a consequence of more efficientmechanisms of inner disk dispersal (viscous evolution, dust growth, andsettling toward the midplane).
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Sixth Catalogue of Fundamental Stars (FK6). Part III. Additional fundamental stars with direct solutions
The FK6 is a suitable combination of the results of the HIPPARCOSastrometry satellite with ground-based data, measured over a longinterval of time and summarized mainly in the FK5. Part III of the FK6(abbreviated FK6(III)) contains additional fundamental stars with directsolutions. Such direct solutions are appropriate for single stars or forobjects which can be treated like single stars. Part III of the FK6contains in total 3272 stars. Their ground-based data stem from thebright extension of the FK5 (735 stars), from the catalogue of remainingSup stars (RSup, 732 stars), and from the faint extension of the FK5(1805 stars). From the 3272 stars in Part III, we have selected 1928objects as "astrometrically excellent stars", since their instantaneousproper motions and their mean (time-averaged) ones do not differsignificantly. Hence most of the astrometrically excellent stars arewell-behaving "single-star candidates" with good astrometric data. Thesestars are most suited for high-precision astrometry. On the other hand,354 of the stars in Part III are Δμ binaries in the sense ofWielen et al. (1999). Many of them are newly discovered probablebinaries with no other hitherto known indication of binarity. The FK6gives, besides the classical "single-star mode" solutions (SI mode),other solutions which take into account the fact that hidden astrometricbinaries among "apparently single-stars" introduce sizable "cosmicerrors" into the quasi-instantaneously measured HIPPARCOS proper motionsand positions. The FK6 gives, in addition to the SI mode, the "long-termprediction (LTP) mode" and the "short-term prediction (STP) mode". TheseLTP and STP modes are on average the most precise solutions forapparently single stars, depending on the epoch difference with respectto the HIPPARCOS epoch of about 1991. The typical mean error of anFK6(III) proper motion in the single-star mode is 0.59 mas/year. This isa factor of 1.34 better than the typical HIPPARCOS errors for thesestars of 0.79 mas/year. In the long-term prediction mode, in whichcosmic errors are taken into account, the FK6(III) proper motions have atypical mean error of 0.93 mas/year, which is by a factor of about 2better than the corresponding error for the HIPPARCOS values of 1.83mas/year (cosmic errors included).
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Red and infrared colours of B stars and the reddening law in the Galaxy
The red and infrared intrinsic colours of B stars are derived fromphotometric observations through the UBV(RI)_CJHK and Hβ filters of257 early-type stars. Those stars for which the UBV and Hβmeasurements match the published spectral class, and which show no othersigns of peculiarity, are used to determine the intrinsic photometriccolours of B stars in the red and infrared. From these intrinsic coloursthe interstellar reddening relationships for the red and infraredcolours are evaluated, and the results are compared with previousestimates of these quantities. The values of R, E(B-V) and the distanceare then determined for the individual stars. R is confirmed to be closeto 3.1 in most cases, but was found to be much larger in somedirections. The relationship between R and the location of a star in theGalaxy is investigated. Usually the abnormally reddened stars seemed tobe associated with known regions of star formation. The paper alsoidentifies seven likely variable stars and a number of stars withpossible dust shells.
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Far-ultraviolet stellar photometry: A field in Orion
Far-ultraviolet photometry for 625 objects in Orion is presented. Thesedata were extracted from electrographic camera images obtained duringsounding rocket flights in 1975 and 1982. The 1975 images were centeredclose to the belt of Orion while the 1982 images were centeredapproximately 9 deg further north. One hundred and fifty stars fell inthe overlapping region and were observed with both cameras. Sixty-eightpercent of the objects were tentatively identified with known starsusing the SIMBAD database while another 24% are blends of objects tooclose together to separate with our resolution. As in previous studies,the majority of the identified ultraviolet sources are early-type stars.However, there are a significant number for which no such identificationwas possible, and we suggest that these are interesting objects whichshould be further investigated. Seven stars were found which were brightin the ultraviolet but faint in the visible. We suggest that some ofthese are nearby white dwarfs.
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A high-resolution optical and radio study of Milky Way halo gas
Optical interstellar absorption lines of Ti II and Ca II and the 21 cmemission line of H I were observed at high-resolution (6 and 1 km/s,respectively) and high detection sensitivity along 25 lines of sight inthe Galactic halo. The sample includes 16 distant halo stars matchedwith one or more nearly aligned foreground stars as well as local starsalong five extragalactic sight lines. The data show substantialinterstellar material, at both low and intermediate velocities, between250 and 1000 pc beyond the Galactic plane. As much as one-third of thetotal gas observed in Ca II absorption may be beyond 1 kpc, and thegaseous Ti II may lie in an even thicker layer. The directly determinedgaseous Ti abundance above the Galactic plane exceeds that in the disk,on the average, by a factor of 4 to 6 and, for individual cloudcomponents, is further enhanced at higher LSR velocity. Thirty threediscrete high-latitude clouds are detected in Ca II absorption, and 17discrete clouds, including three high-velocity clouds, are identified inH I emission. The kinematics of the high-latitude gas observed in Ti IIand Ca II absorption is characterized by significant peculiar velocitieswith respect to a model corotating halo.
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An Einstein Observatory SAO-based catalog of B-type stars
About 4000 X-ray images obtained with the Einstein Observatory are usedto measure the 0.16-4.0 keV emission from 1545 B-type SAO stars fallingin the about 10 percent of the sky surveyed with the IPC. Seventy-fourdetected X-ray sources with B-type stars are identified, and it isestimated that no more than 15 can be misidentified. Upper limits to theX-ray emission of the remaining stars are presented. In addition tosummarizing the X-ray measurements and giving other relevant opticaldata, the present extensive catalog discusses the reduction process andanalyzes selection effects associated with both SAO catalog completenessand IPC target selection procedures. It is concluded that X-rayemission, at the level of Lx not less than 10 exp 30 ergs/s, is quitecommon in B stars of early spectral types (B0-B3), regardless ofluminosity class, but that emission, at the same level, becomes lesscommon, or nonexistent, in later B-type stars.
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The EXOSAT high Galactic latitude survey
This study presents a survey of serendipitous sources performed in thevery soft X-ray band (0.05-2.0 keV) using the Exosat imaging telescopes.It covers 783 sq deg of high Galactic latitude sky and includes 210serendipitous sources which define a complete (flux-limited) sample. Twohundred of the 210 detected sources are identified via extensive opticaland radio observations together with cross-correlations with catalogs ofknown objects. The log N-log S relation was found to be consistent withthat of the Einstein extended Medium-Sensitivity Survey (EMSS) and withthe 'Euclidean' value of 1.5. The normalization of the relation is astrong function of the assumed spectral slope of AGN. It is inferredfrom the consistency with the EMSS results that the average (energy)slope of extragalactic sources in the soft X-ray band is very steep(approximately 1.5). An analysis of the association between AGNdetection and Galactic N(H) also shows that the average slope is steepand inconsistent with the canonical value of 0.7.
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Fifth fundamental catalogue. Part 2: The FK5 extension - new fundamental stars
The mean positions and proper motions for 3117 new fundamental starsessentially in the magnitude range about 4.5 to 9.5 are given in thisFK5 extension. Mean apparent visual magnitude is 7.2 and is on average2.5 magnitudes fainter then the basic FK5 which has a mean magnitude of4.7. (The basic FK5 gives the mean positions and proper motions for theclassical 1535 fundamental stars). The following are discussed: theobservational material, reduction of observations, star selection, andthe system for the FK5 extension. An explanation and description of thecatalog are given. The catalog of 3117 fundamental stars for the equinoxand epoch J2000.0 and B1950.0 is presented. The parallaxes and radialvelocities for 22 extension stars with large forecasting effects aregiven. Catalogs used in the compilation of the FK5 fundamental catalogare listed.
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The Orion complex according to observations of the space telescope Glazar.
Not Available
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Walraven photometry of nearby southern OB associations
Homogeneous Walraven (VBLUW) photometry is presented for 5260 stars inthe regions of five nearby southern OB associations: Scorpio Centaurus(Sco OB2), Orion OB1, Canis Major OB1, Monoceros OB1, and Scutum OB2.Derived V and (B - V) in the Johnson system are included.
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Stars of Early Types in the Region of Stellar Association OB1 Observed with the Glazar Telescope
Not Available
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Empirical temperature calibrations for early-type stars
Three temperature calibrations of suitable photometric quantities havebeen derived for O and B stars. A sample of 120 stars with reliableT(eff.) determinations has been used for establishing each calibration.The different calibrations have been critically discussed and compared.Temperature determinations for 1009 program stars have been obtainedwith an accuracy of the order of 10 percent.
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A catalog of ultraviolet interstellar extinction excesses for 1415 stars
Ultraviolet interstellar extinction excesses are presented for 1415stars with spectral types B7 and earlier. The excesses with respect to Vare derived from Astronomical Netherlands Satellite (ANS) 5-channel UVphotometry at central wavelengths of approximately 1550, 1800, 2500, and3300 A. A measure of the excess extinction in the 2200-A extinction bumpis also given. The data are valuable for investigating the systematicsof peculiar interstellar extinction and for studying the character of UVinterstellar extinction in the general direction of stars for which theextinction-curve shape is unknown.
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Absolute photometry of the southern Orion region in the vacuum ultraviolet (1300-2000 A)
Absolute photometry of the southern Orion region was carried out forfive passbands in the vacuum ultraviolet (1300-2000 A, Delta Lambda = 84A) with a rocket-borne spectrometer. More than 60 early-type stars andthe diffuse background radiation were observed within the raster-scannedfield of 8 x 8 deg centered at alpha = 5 h 30 m and delta = -4 deg.Stellar data suggest a revision of the current absolute scale by 10-30percent, which relatively suppresses the flux toward shorterwavelengths. The present data of the background radiation have thehighest spectral resolution among those published and indicate a steepsystematic increase of the flux toward shorter wavelengths. Directconsequences of the new calibration are briefly discussed.
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The fundamental physical parameters of main-sequence and near main-sequence B type stars as derived from uvby,beta photometry
From spectrophotometric measurements of hydrogen line intensities, uvbyphotometry and photoelectrically determined H-beta and H-gamma indicesof 75 B2-B6 main-sequence stars, effective temperature and surfacegravity are derived by using the model atmospheres computed by Kurucz(1974). Comparisons between the g values and the MK luminosityclassification show good agreement for the MK standard stars but ratherserious disagreement for the average stars in such a way that most ofthe stars classified in luminosity class V really belong to class IV.Using the evolutionary model sequences calculated by Hejlesen et al.(1972) the stellar mass, age and luminosity are determined from the uvbyand beta data through effective temperature and surface gravity. Thetheoretically derived luminosities are in excellent agreement with theluminosities derived by calibrations.
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A photometric study of the Orion OB 1 association. III - Subgroup analyses
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1978ApJS...36..497W&db_key=AST
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Two sparse open clusters in the region of Collinder 132.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1977PASP...89..803C&db_key=AST
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Spectral types in the ORI OB1 association.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1977PASP...89..797A&db_key=AST
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A photometric study of the Orion OB 1 association. I - Observational data.
A catalog of observational data is presented for stars in the region ofthe young stellar association Orion OB 1. Photoelectric observationsobtained in the uvby-beta and UBV systems are compiled along withprevious photoelectric and spectroscopic data for all these stars aswell as for several bright members of the association with availablephotometric indices. Mean weighted values are computed for thephotometric data and summarized in tables expected to be reasonablycomplete for association members earlier than spectral type A0.Membership criteria are derived, and qualitative membershipprobabilities summarized, for the 526 stars in the final program. Theanalytical procedures are discussed for association stars of B,intermediate, and AF types. Effects of the nebular environment andvarious calibrations of Balmer-line and four-color indices areconsidered for the determination of absolute magnitudes for the B-typestars.
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Spectroscopic binaries as a source for astrometric and speckle interferometric studies.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1976PASP...88..317M&db_key=AST
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The Kreinin-Murri Method for Absolute Determination of Equatorial-Star Declinations.
Not Available
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Far-Ultraviolet Interstellar Absorption in Orion and Monoceros
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1971ApJ...166..543W&db_key=AST
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Interstellar extinction in the Orion association
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1968ApJ...152..913L&db_key=AST
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On Beta Cephei Stars: a Search for Beta Cephei Stars
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1967ApJS...14..263H&db_key=AST
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KURZE MITTEILUNG. Zur Expansion der Assoziation Cep III
Not Available
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Luminosities and photometric distances of early-type stars
Not Available
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Stellar Rotation in Galactic Clusters.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1962ApJ...136..381A&db_key=AST
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Seven-Colour Photometry of O, B and A Stars.
Not Available
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Two-Dimensional Spectral Classification by Narrow-Band Photometry for B Stats in Clusters and Associations.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1958ApJ...128..185C&db_key=AST
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INHABITED SKY
