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Statistical Constraints for Astrometric Binaries with Nonlinear Motion
Useful constraints on the orbits and mass ratios of astrometric binariesin the Hipparcos catalog are derived from the measured proper motiondifferences of Hipparcos and Tycho-2 (Δμ), accelerations ofproper motions (μ˙), and second derivatives of proper motions(μ̈). It is shown how, in some cases, statistical bounds can beestimated for the masses of the secondary components. Two catalogs ofastrometric binaries are generated, one of binaries with significantproper motion differences and the other of binaries with significantaccelerations of their proper motions. Mathematical relations betweenthe astrometric observables Δμ, μ˙, and μ̈ andthe orbital elements are derived in the appendices. We find a remarkabledifference between the distribution of spectral types of stars withlarge accelerations but small proper motion differences and that ofstars with large proper motion differences but insignificantaccelerations. The spectral type distribution for the former sample ofbinaries is the same as the general distribution of all stars in theHipparcos catalog, whereas the latter sample is clearly dominated bysolar-type stars, with an obvious dearth of blue stars. We point outthat the latter set includes mostly binaries with long periods (longerthan about 6 yr).
| Local kinematics of K and M giants from CORAVEL/Hipparcos/Tycho-2 data. Revisiting the concept of superclusters
The availability of the Hipparcos Catalogue has triggered many kinematicand dynamical studies of the solar neighbourhood. Nevertheless, thosestudies generally lacked the third component of the space velocities,i.e., the radial velocities. This work presents the kinematic analysisof 5952 K and 739 M giants in the solar neighbourhood which includes forthe first time radial velocity data from a large survey performed withthe CORAVEL spectrovelocimeter. It also uses proper motions from theTycho-2 catalogue, which are expected to be more accurate than theHipparcos ones. An important by-product of this study is the observedfraction of only 5.7% of spectroscopic binaries among M giants ascompared to 13.7% for K giants. After excluding the binaries for whichno center-of-mass velocity could be estimated, 5311 K and 719 M giantsremain in the final sample. The UV-plane constructed from these datafor the stars with precise parallaxes (σπ/π≤20%) reveals a rich small-scale structure, with several clumpscorresponding to the Hercules stream, the Sirius moving group, and theHyades and Pleiades superclusters. A maximum-likelihood method, based ona Bayesian approach, has been applied to the data, in order to make fulluse of all the available stars (not only those with precise parallaxes)and to derive the kinematic properties of these subgroups. Isochrones inthe Hertzsprung-Russell diagram reveal a very wide range of ages forstars belonging to these groups. These groups are most probably relatedto the dynamical perturbation by transient spiral waves (as recentlymodelled by De Simone et al. \cite{Simone2004}) rather than to clusterremnants. A possible explanation for the presence of younggroup/clusters in the same area of the UV-plane is that they have beenput there by the spiral wave associated with their formation, while thekinematics of the older stars of our sample has also been disturbed bythe same wave. The emerging picture is thus one of dynamical streamspervading the solar neighbourhood and travelling in the Galaxy withsimilar space velocities. The term dynamical stream is more appropriatethan the traditional term supercluster since it involves stars ofdifferent ages, not born at the same place nor at the same time. Theposition of those streams in the UV-plane is responsible for the vertexdeviation of 16.2o ± 5.6o for the wholesample. Our study suggests that the vertex deviation for youngerpopulations could have the same dynamical origin. The underlyingvelocity ellipsoid, extracted by the maximum-likelihood method afterremoval of the streams, is not centered on the value commonly acceptedfor the radial antisolar motion: it is centered on < U > =-2.78±1.07 km s-1. However, the full data set(including the various streams) does yield the usual value for theradial solar motion, when properly accounting for the biases inherent tothis kind of analysis (namely, < U > = -10.25±0.15 kms-1). This discrepancy clearly raises the essential questionof how to derive the solar motion in the presence of dynamicalperturbations altering the kinematics of the solar neighbourhood: doesthere exist in the solar neighbourhood a subset of stars having no netradial motion which can be used as a reference against which to measurethe solar motion?Based on observations performed at the Swiss 1m-telescope at OHP,France, and on data from the ESA Hipparcos astrometry satellite.Full Table \ref{taba1} is only available in electronic form at the CDSvia anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/430/165}
| Photometric Variability in a Sample of 187 G and K Giants
We have used three automatic photoelectric telescopes to obtainphotometric observations of 187 G, K, and (a few) M0 field giants. Wefind low-amplitude photometric variability on timescales of days toweeks on both sides of the coronal dividing line (CDL) in a total of 81or 43% of the 187 giants. About one-third of the variables haveamplitudes greater than 0.01 mag in V. In our sample the percentage ofvariable giants is a minimum for late-G spectral classes and increasesfor earlier and later classes; all K5 and M0 giants are variable. Wealso obtained high-resolution, red wavelength spectroscopic observationsof 147 of the giants, which we used to determine spectralclassifications, vsini values, and radial velocities. We acquiredadditional high-resolution, blue wavelength spectra of 48 of the giants,which we used to determine chromospheric emission fluxes. We analyzedthe photometric and spectroscopic observations to identify the cause(s)of photometric variability in our sample of giants. We show that thelight variations in the vast majority of G and K giant variables cannotbe due to rotation. For giants on the cool side of the CDL, we find thatthe variability mechanism is radial pulsation. Thus, the variabilitymechanism operating in M giants extends into the K giants up to aboutspectral class K2. On the hot side of the CDL, the variability mechanismis most likely nonradial, g-mode pulsation.
| An improved metal abundance calibration for the Washington system
The determination of metal abundances for individual giants fromWashington photometry is revised, with several significant improvementsincorporated. The solar-abundance two-color relations are revamped withthe inclusion of new observations of a large sample of solar-abundancegiants with small reddenings, especially those with late-K spectraltypes. The new relations are very similar to the original ones derivedin C76 except for a zero-point offset. A new temperature index, M-T2, isinvestigated, as well as a new abundance index, C-T1, in addition to thestandard indices. The M-T2 index has a much broader baseline and thus amuch larger range than T1-T2, and is therefore less susceptible tophotometric errors. The significant decrease in abundance sensitivityfor cooler stars, suspected by previous investigations, is confirmed byincluding observations of a number of giants with a range in temperaturein each of a large sample of open and globular clusters. A procedure forcorrecting the abundance indices for cool stars is derived whichsignificantly improves the metallicity determination.
| JHK photometry of population I CN-rich field giants
IR JHK photometry has been obtained for a sample of CN-rich field redgiants. It is found that these giants segregate according to metallicityor CN band strength in the (J-H), (H-K) two-color diagram. A delta (H-K)color-excess index is presented, which correlates with the strength ofthe 4215 wavelength CN band as measured by the delta C(m) index of theDDO photometric system (McClure, 1970). The sensitivity of delta (H-K)as a metal abundance indicator is shown to be relatively small. It issuggested that the CN-rich field giants have colors comparable to manyof the metal-rich giants in the Galactic bulge studied by Whitford andRich (1983), although a few of the bulge giants appear to have higherabundances.
| A comparison between Washington and DDO photometry of field red giants
Washington CMT1T2 photometry of a sample of field red giants is comparedwith DDO colors obtained by McClure (1970) and Janes (1975) to determinethe relative sensitivities of the metallicity indices of the twosystems. Washington line-blanketing indices delta(M-T1) and delta(C-M)were derived, and found to correlate very well with each other, inaddition to correlating quite well with the DDO metallicity index.Furthermore, any N/A or C/A abundance variations which may exist amongthe present sample of old disk giants do not appear to significantlyeffect the delta(C-M) index. The study indicates that delta(C-M) shouldprovide a useful photometric metal abundance indicator, and is capableof providing estimates accurate to about + or - 0.2 dex over the Fe/Habundance range of +0.4 to -0.8.
| Luminosity classification with the Washington system
The DDO 51 filter has been added to the Washington photometric system.The strong surface gravity sensitivity of the Mg I 'b' triplet and MgHbands which it monitors allows the system to easily discriminate betweendwarfs and giants of late G and K spectral type. The system isespecially suited as a membership criterion for abundance studies ofdistant cluster giants. The Mg index is insensitive to surface gravityvariations among G giants. The metallicity sensitivity among giants isalso relatively weak. Population I and II giants can be distinguishedbut no further differentiation is evident.
| A photoelectric measurement of magnesium for late-type stars
A photoelectric index of MgH + Mg b for late-type stars has been createdby the addition of one filter bandpass to the DDO system. Measurementsshow that this index has good sensitivity to surface gravity for Kstars, and suggest that it can differentiate metal-poor halo giants fromdisk stars. From this index, involving measurement through two filtersalone, it appears that membership can be determined for stars on thegiant branch of globular clusters. It is possible that the index couldbe used, after calibration with cluster giants, to determine ages ofgiant stars in the field.
| Stars with Strong Cyanogen Absorption
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1971ApJ...163...75S&db_key=AST
| A photoelectric investigation of strong cyanogen stars.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1970AJ.....75...41M&db_key=AST
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Observation and Astrometry data
| Constellation: | Orion |
| Right ascension: | 06h15m56.49s |
| Declination: | +10°16'54.2" |
| Apparent magnitude: | 6.834 |
| Distance: | 83.056 parsecs |
| Proper motion RA: | -14.8 |
| Proper motion Dec: | -35.3 |
| B-T magnitude: | 8.442 |
| V-T magnitude: | 6.967 |
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INHABITED SKY
