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| Technetium and the third dredge up in AGB stars. I. Field stars
We searched for Tc in a sample of long period variables selected bystellar luminosity derived from Hipparcos parallaxes. Tc, as an unstables-process element, is a good indicator for the evolutionary status ofstars on the asymptotic giant branch (AGB). In this paper we study theoccurrence of Tc as a function of luminosity to provide constraints onthe minimum luminosity for the third dredge up as estimated from recentstellar evolution models.A large number of AGB stars above the estimated theoretical limit forthe third dredge up are found not to show Tc. We confirm previousfindings that only a small fraction of the semiregular variables show Tclines in their spectra. Contrary to earlier results by Little et al.(\cite{llmb87}) we find also a significant number of Miras without Tc.The presence and absence of Tc is discussed in relation to the massdistribution of AGB stars. We find that a large fraction of the stars ofour sample must have current masses of less than 1.5 Msun .Combining our findings with stellar evolution scenarios we conclude thatthe fraction of time a star is observed as a SRV or a Mira is dependenton its mass.Partly based on observations collected at the European SouthernObservatory, Paranal, Chile (ESO-Programme 65.L-0317(A)).
| Guilt by Association: The 13 Micron Dust Emission Feature and Its Correlation to Other Gas and Dust Features
A study of all full-scan spectra of optically thin oxygen-richcircumstellar dust shells in the database produced by the ShortWavelength Spectrometer on ISO reveals that the strength of severalinfrared spectral features correlates with the strength of the 13 μmdust feature. These correlated features include dust features at 19.8and 28.1 μm and the bands produced by warm carbon dioxide molecules(the strongest of which are at 13.9, 15.0, and 16.2 μm). The databasedoes not provide any evidence for a correlation of the 13 μm featurewith a dust feature at 32 μm, and it is more likely that a weakemission feature at 16.8 μm arises from carbon dioxide gas ratherthan dust. The correlated dust features at 13, 20, and 28 μm tend tobe stronger with respect to the total dust emission in semiregular andirregular variables associated with the asymptotic giant branch than inMira variables or supergiants. This family of dust features also tendsto be stronger in systems with lower infrared excesses and thus lowermass-loss rates. We hypothesize that the dust features arise fromcrystalline forms of alumina (13 μm) and silicates (20 and 28 μm).Based on observations with the ISO, a European Space Agency (ESA)project with instruments funded by ESA member states (especially thePrincipal Investigator countries: France, Germany, the Netherlands, andthe United Kingdom) and with the participation of the Institute of Spaceand Astronautical Science (ISAS) and the National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration (NASA).
| How many Hipparcos Variability-Induced Movers are genuine binaries?
Hipparcos observations of some variable stars, and especially oflong-period (e.g. Mira) variables, reveal a motion of the photocentercorrelated with the brightness variation (variability-induced mover -VIM), suggesting the presence of a binary companion. A re-analysis ofthe Hipparcos photometric and astrometric data does not confirm the VIMsolution for 62 among the 288 VIM objects (21%) in the Hipparcoscatalogue. Most of these 288 VIMs are long-period (e.g. Mira) variables(LPV). The effect of a revised chromaticity correction, which accountsfor the color variations along the light cycle, was then investigated.It is based on ``instantaneous'' V-I color indices derived fromHipparcos and Tycho-2 epoch photometry. Among the 188 LPVs flagged asVIM in the Hipparcos catalogue, 89 (47%) are not confirmed as VIM afterthis improved chromaticity correction is applied. This dramatic decreasein the number of VIM solutions is not surprising, since the chromaticitycorrection applied by the Hipparcos reduction consortia was based on afixed V-I color. Astrophysical considerations lead us to adopt a morestringent criterion for accepting a VIM solution (first-kind risk of0.27% instead of 10% as in the Hipparcos catalogue). With this moresevere criterion, only 27 LPV stars remain VIM, thus rejecting 161 ofthe 188 (86%) of the LPVs defined as VIMs in the Hipparcos catalogue.Based on observations from the Hipparcos astrometric satellite operatedby the European Space Agency (ESA 1997).Table 1 is also available in electronic form at the CDS, via anonymousftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/399/1167
| Hipparcos red stars in the HpV_T2 and V I_C systems
For Hipparcos M, S, and C spectral type stars, we provide calibratedinstantaneous (epoch) Cousins V - I color indices using newly derivedHpV_T2 photometry. Three new sets of ground-based Cousins V I data havebeen obtained for more than 170 carbon and red M giants. These datasetsin combination with the published sources of V I photometry served toobtain the calibration curves linking Hipparcos/Tycho Hp-V_T2 with theCousins V - I index. In total, 321 carbon stars and 4464 M- and S-typestars have new V - I indices. The standard error of the mean V - I isabout 0.1 mag or better down to Hp~9 although it deteriorates rapidly atfainter magnitudes. These V - I indices can be used to verify thepublished Hipparcos V - I color indices. Thus, we have identified ahandful of new cases where, instead of the real target, a random fieldstar has been observed. A considerable fraction of the DMSA/C and DMSA/Vsolutions for red stars appear not to be warranted. Most likely suchspurious solutions may originate from usage of a heavily biased color inthe astrometric processing.Based on observations from the Hipparcos astrometric satellite operatedby the European Space Agency (ESA 1997).}\fnmsep\thanks{Table 7 is onlyavailable in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp tocdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/397/997
| H2O in stellar atmospheres. II. ISO spectra of cool red giants and hydrostatic models
We present 26 ISO-SWS spectra taken from a sample of 13 M-typeSemiregular, Lb and Mira variables and covering the wavelength rangebetween 2.36 and 5 mu m at a medium resolution. All of the studiedobjects show intense water bands producing a deep absorption dip around2.5 mu m. Features of CO, OH, SiO and CO2 are also visible.Using the new H2O linelist published in the first paper ofthis series and available opacity data for the other importantmolecules, we calculated a grid of hydrostatic MARCS atmospheres and thecorresponding synthetic ISO-SWS spectra. Based on the comparison withthese theoretical results the ISO observations can be divided into fourclasses. The first two groups include the spectra of the Semiregular(SRb) and Lb variables in our sample. For all of them the region between2.36 and 4.2 mu m can be quite well reproduced by our hydrostaticmodels. Only the predicted SiO bands above 4 mu m are in some cases toostrong which is due to known dynamical effects. Depending on thetemperature (above or below 3000 K) of the atmosphere, which mainlydetermines the intensity of the water depression at 2.5 mu m, thespectra of the Semiregular and Lb variables fall into the first orsecond class. The third group consists of observations of Mira starsobtained around maximum light where the range between 2.36 and 4.2 mu mcan be fitted with our MARCS models except for a strong emission bumpappearing in the ISO-SWS data in the region of the SiO features and theslope very close to the short wavelength border. Finally, the last typeof spectra corresponds to Mira variables during the phases around theminimum of their visual light curve. For this class the observed waterabsorption at 2.5 mu m is much more intense than in any hydrostaticatmosphere with a realistic choice of effective temperature and surfacegravity. Thus, we conclude that dynamical models are needed to explainthe ISO-SWS data of Mira stars. For all of the cooler objects from oursample the predicted CO2 bands between 4.2 and 4.6 mu m aretoo weak which may be due to the opacity data. Based on observationswith ISO, an ESA project with instruments funded by ESA Member Stateswith participation of ISAS and NASA. The SWS is a joint project of SRONand MPE.
| Coordinates and Identifications of Harvard Variables
Coordinates and identifications are presented for 726 Harvard Variablestars and suspected variables, discovered or studied by D. Hoffleit andannounced in Harvard Bulletins 874, 884, 887, 901, and 902; plus 141others, previously known, lying in the same fields.
| Multi-colour light variation of AGB stars observed with ISO
New visual light curves and infrared multi-epoch photometry arepresented for a sample of AGB-stars spectroscopically observed with ISO.While the ISO work is or will be presented elsewhere, the aim of thispaper is to give an overview of the properties of the light change ofthe objects. This information is crucial for the interpretation of thevaluable ISO material. Using the University of Vienna Twin AutomaticPhotoelectric Telescope (APT) we monitored the stars of our sample inthe photometric bands V and I_C. We present the light curve of eachobject and derive the parameters of the current light change, such asperiod(s) and amplitude. Furthermore we give V-I_C colours and colourvariations for these objects. Our results allow us to derive somegeneral results on semiregular and irregular variables. Only in lessthan 50% of the cases could we confirm the GCVS period. Moreover, we didnot find any pronounced difference between SRb and Lb variables in theregularity of the light curve. The existence of rapid oscillationsindicated by Hipparcos data could not be confirmed. In addition to thevisual light changes we present new near infrared photometry data.Although typically only few data points are available, they can beviewed relative to the better-monitored visual light curves providinginformation on possible phase shifts and differences in amplitude indifferent parts of the spectrum. Furthermore, multi-epoch photometryallows us to derive mean colours for these objects. Based onobservations made with the Carlos Sánchez Telescope operated onthe island of Tenerife by the Instituto de Astrofísica deCanarias (IAC) in the Observatorio del Teide, Izaña. Tables B2 toB5 are only available in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp tocdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/375/527
| Long period variable stars: galactic populations and infrared luminosity calibrations
In this paper HIPPARCOS astrometric and kinematic data are used tocalibrate both infrared luminosities and kinematical parameters of LongPeriod Variable stars (LPVs). Individual absolute K and IRAS 12 and 25luminosities of 800 LPVs are determined and made available in electronicform. The estimated mean kinematics is analyzed in terms of galacticpopulations. LPVs are found to belong to galactic populations rangingfrom the thin disk to the extended disk. An age range and a lower limitof the initial mass is given for stars of each population. A differenceof 1.3 mag in K for the upper limit of the Asymptotic Giant Branch isfound between the disk and old disk galactic populations, confirming itsdependence on the mass in the main sequence. LPVs with a thin envelopeare distinguished using the estimated mean IRAS luminosities. The levelof attraction (in the classification sense) of each group for the usualclassifying parameters of LPVs (variability and spectral types) isexamined. Table only available in electronic form at the CDS viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/374/968 or via ASTRIDdatabase (http://astrid.graal.univ-montp2.fr).
| Speckle Interferometry of New and Problem Hipparcos Binaries. II. Observations Obtained in 1998-1999 from McDonald Observatory
The Hipparcos satellite made measurements of over 9734 known doublestars, 3406 new double stars, and 11,687 unresolved but possible doublestars. The high angular resolution afforded by speckle interferometrymakes it an efficient means to confirm these systems from the ground,which were first discovered from space. Because of its coverage of adifferent region of angular separation-magnitude difference(ρ-Δm) space, speckle interferometry also holds promise toascertain the duplicity of the unresolved Hipparcos ``problem'' stars.Presented are observations of 116 new Hipparcos double stars and 469Hipparcos ``problem stars,'' as well as 238 measures of other doublestars and 246 other high-quality nondetections. Included in these areobservations of double stars listed in the Tycho-2 Catalogue andpossible grid stars for the Space Interferometry Mission.
| Stars with the Largest Hipparcos Photometric Amplitudes
A list of the 2027 stars that have the largest photometric amplitudes inHipparcos Photometry shows that most variable stars are all Miras. Thepercentage of variable types change as a function of amplitude. Thiscompilation should also be of value to photometrists looking forrelatively unstudied, but large amplitude stars.
| Infrared Properties of SiO Maser Sources in Late-Type Stars
The results of an SiO maser survey for late-type stars selected by theIRTS (Infrared Telescope in Space) are presented. We have detected SiOJ=1-0, v=1 and/or v=2 lines in 27 stars out of 59 stars. The maserintensity increases with the depth of the H_2O absorption in theinfrared spectra and redness of the 2.2 and 12 mu m color. The columndensities of the water vapor in the target stars were estimated from thedepth of the water absorption in the IRTS spectra. We found that the SiOmaser was detected mostly in the stars with a column density of watervapor higher than 3*E19-3*E20 cm-2. Wefurther estimated the density of hydrogen molecules in the outeratmosphere corresponding to these column densities, obtaining109-1010 cm-3 as a lower limit. Thesevalues are roughly in agreement with the critical hydrogen densitypredicted by models for the excitation of SiO masers. It is possiblethat the SiO masers are excited in clumps with column density evenhigher than this value. The present results provide useful informationfor the understanding of the physical conditions of the outeratmospheres in late-type stars.
| On the origin of the 13 mu m feature. A study of ISO-SWS spectra of oxygen-rich AGB stars
We have derived a mean profile of the 13 mu m emission feature from 11ISO spectra of oxygen-rich AGB stars and present an overview of themineral species that could account for it. Our results can be summarizedas follows: i) Spherical particles of alpha -Al_2O_3 (corundum) have asharp emissivity maximum peaking at 12.7 mu m. The difference of 0.3 mum in the peak position compared to the mean observed band profile is aserious obstacle to assigning the 13 mu m dust feature to this dustspecies. ii) From a continuous distribution of ellipsoidal alpha-Al_2O_3-particles, a broad emissivity profile peaking at 13-14 mu memerges. It is difficult to reconcile the large width of this profilewith the width of the observed 13 mu m band. iii) The most prominentemissivity maximum of TiO_2 (rutile) is located at 13.5 mu m; its widthis larger and its strength three times smaller than the emissivitymaximum of corundum. iv) Core-mantle-grains composed of rutile andcorundum or of corundum and amorphous olivine can both produce, in acertain domain of core volume fractions, a spectral signature verysimilar to the observed 13 mu m feature. However, the necessity toassume rather artificial distribution functions of the core volumefractions makes this scenario improbable. v) We consider MgAl_2O_4(spinel) to be the most promising candidate for the carrier of the 13 mum feature since its emissivity peaks are located at 12.95 mu m and at16.8 mu m for spherical particles and since at both positions featuresare present in most of the spectra of our sample. In view of therelevance of this substance for circumstellar shells, laboratory spectraof spinel particles embedded in KBr are also presented. Based onobservations with ISO, an ESA project with instruments funded by ESAMember States (especially the PI countries: France, Germany, theNetherlands and the United Kingdom) and with the participation of ISASand NASA.}
| Period-Luminosity-Colour distribution and classification of Galactic oxygen-rich LPVs. I. Luminosity calibrations
The absolute K magnitudes and kinematic parameters of about 350oxygen-rich Long-Period Variable stars are calibrated, by means of anup-to-date maximum-likelihood method, using Hipparcos parallaxes andproper motions together with radial velocities and, as additional data,periods and V-K colour indices. Four groups, differing by theirkinematics and mean magnitudes, are found. For each of them, we alsoobtain the distributions of magnitude, period and de-reddened colour ofthe base population, as well as de-biased period-luminosity-colourrelations and their two-dimensional projections. The SRa semiregulars donot seem to constitute a separate class of LPVs. The SRb appear tobelong to two populations of different ages. In a PL diagram, theyconstitute two evolutionary sequences towards the Mira stage. The Mirasof the disk appear to pulsate on a lower-order mode. The slopes of theirde-biased PL and PC relations are found to be very different from theones of the Oxygen Miras of the LMC. This suggests that a significantnumber of so-called Miras of the LMC are misclassified. This alsosuggests that the Miras of the LMC do not constitute a homogeneousgroup, but include a significant proportion of metal-deficient stars,suggesting a relatively smooth star formation history. As a consequence,one may not trivially transpose the LMC period-luminosity relation fromone galaxy to the other Based on data from the Hipparcos astrometrysatellite. Appendix B is only available in electronic form at the CDSvia anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| Oxygen-rich semiregular and irregular variables. A catalogue of circumstellar CO observations
Using the SEST, the Onsala 20 m telescope, the JCMT, and the IRAM 30 mtelescope we have carried out a survey of circumstellar CO(J=1-0, 2-1,3-2, and 4-3) emission on a large sample of oxygen-rich semiregular (SRaand SRb) and irregular variables (Lb). A total of 109 stars wereobserved in at least one CO line: 66 were shown to have circumstellar COline emission (7 SRa, 36 SRb, and 23 Lb variables), ~ 60% of thesemiregulars and all but one of the irregulars were detected for thefirst time. Most stars were observed in at least two transitions. Thereis a total of 138 detected CO lines. For twelve stars stronginterference from interstellar CO emission precluded detection. Wepresent here a catalogue of all observational data and the spectra ofall detections, as well as brief discussions on detection statistics(including its dependence on variability type, period, IRAS-colour, IRASLRS-class, and M-subclass), line profiles (including line shapeasymmetry, multi-component line shapes, and line intensity ratios), gasexpansion velocity distributions, and correlations between CO line andIR continuum fluxes (including implications for the mass-lossmechanism). Based on observations collected using at the EuropeanSouthern Observatory, La Silla, Chile, the Onsala Space Observatory,Chalmers Tekniska Högskola, Sweden, the James Clerk MaxwellTelescope, Hawaii and the IRAM 30~m telescope, Pico Veleta, Spain.
| The Infrared Spectral Classification of Oxygen-rich Dust Shells
This paper presents infrared spectral classifications for a flux-limitedsample of 635 optically identified oxygen-rich variables includingsupergiants and sources on the asymptotic giant branch (AGB). Severalclasses of spectra from oxygen-rich dust exist, and these can bearranged in a smoothly varying sequence of spectral shapes known as thesilicate dust sequence. Classification based on this sequence revealsseveral dependencies of the dust emission on the properties of thecentral star. Nearly all S stars show broad emission features fromalumina dust, while most of the supergiants exhibit classic featuresfrom amorphous silicate dust. Mira variables with symmetric light curvesgenerally show broad alumina emission, while those with more asymmetriclight curves show classic silicate emission. These differences may arisefrom differences in the photospheric C/O ratio.
| Classification and Identification of IRAS Sources with Low-Resolution Spectra
IRAS low-resolution spectra were extracted for 11,224 IRAS sources.These spectra were classified into astrophysical classes, based on thepresence of emission and absorption features and on the shape of thecontinuum. Counterparts of these IRAS sources in existing optical andinfrared catalogs are identified, and their optical spectral types arelisted if they are known. The correlations between thephotospheric/optical and circumstellar/infrared classification arediscussed.
| A Renewed Search for Water Maser Emission from Mira Variables.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1997AJ....114.1602L&db_key=AST
| Aluminum Oxide and the Opacity of Oxygen-rich Circumstellar Dust in the 12--17 Micron Range
Amorphous alumina (Al2O3) was produced by a sol-gel technique in orderto make available its optical constants for possible astrophysicalapplications. Gradual annealing showed that the X-ray amorphousness ofalumina ended somewhere between 723 and 873 K. Above this transitionpoint, the structure changes into disordered gamma -Al2O3. At T >1273 K, crystalline alpha -Al2O3 (corundum) is formed. Mie calculationsshow that amorphous alumina exhibits a wide Al-O vibrational band,peaking at 11.5--11.8 mu m and having a steep "blue" and an extended"red" wing. It may be an important contributor to the continuous opacitybetween the silicate bands in oxygen-rich circumstellar envelopes,whereas it is ruled out for the explanation of the 13 mu m band. Anaverage 13 mu m band profile was derived from 51 IRAS low-resolutionspectra of bright Mira stars and semiregular variables. Its shape, whichis satisfactorily represented by a Lorentz profile, can be reproduced byMie calculations with the data of alpha -Al2O3, but not with those ofgamma -Al2O3. The calculations show that the 13 mu m band profile ofalpha -Al2O3 is sensitive to grain shape. If alpha -Al2O3 is theabsorber, a second band should be present at 21 mu m. A closecorrelation was found between the strengths of the 13 mu m band and the10 mu m silicate band. It suggests that the 13 mu m band carrier couldalso be somehow connected with silicate dust. Experimental argumentssupporting this attribution are presented.
| Dust Emission from AGB Stars ISO-SWS Observations of Long-Period Variables
Not Available
| Water Masers Associated with Circumstellar Shells
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1996ApJS..106..579B&db_key=AST
| Semiregular variables of types SRa and SRb. Circumstellar CO emission of an oxygen-rich sample.
O-rich Semiregular Variables (SRVs) of types SRa and SRb have beenobserved in the ^12^CO(J=1-0) and (J=2-1) lines using the SEST, LaSilla, Chile, and the 20-m telescope at Onsala, Sweden. In total 22detections (13 are new ones) and 1 tentative detection can be reportedamong the 48 stars observed. In 7 cases detections are precluded becauseof strong interference from interstellar CO emission. The majority ofthe detected objects, covering both small and longer periods, are weakin CO, i.e. they are low mass-loss rate objects(<=10^-7^Msun_/yr), and have, with only a few exceptions,envelopes with small expansion velocities (the mean value is =~8km/s).However, in this respect their properties are very similar to those ofbright O-rich Mira variables, whose pulsational periods are on theaverage 2-3 times higher. A comparison between stellar and circumstellarproperties shows that the gas expansion velocity does not depend on thestellar effective temperature, nor on the period. Likewise, we find nocorrelation between mass-loss rate and period, but there might be a weakdependence of the former on the stellar effective temperature.
| Vitesses radiales. Catalogue WEB: Wilson Evans Batten. Subtittle: Radial velocities: The Wilson-Evans-Batten catalogue.
We give a common version of the two catalogues of Mean Radial Velocitiesby Wilson (1963) and Evans (1978) to which we have added the catalogueof spectroscopic binary systems (Batten et al. 1989). For each star,when possible, we give: 1) an acronym to enter SIMBAD (Set ofIdentifications Measurements and Bibliography for Astronomical Data) ofthe CDS (Centre de Donnees Astronomiques de Strasbourg). 2) the numberHIC of the HIPPARCOS catalogue (Turon 1992). 3) the CCDM number(Catalogue des Composantes des etoiles Doubles et Multiples) byDommanget & Nys (1994). For the cluster stars, a precise study hasbeen done, on the identificator numbers. Numerous remarks point out theproblems we have had to deal with.
| Semiregular variables of types SRa and SRb. New JHKL'M-photometry for 200 stars.
This paper presents new JHKL'M observations of 200 Semiregular variables(SRVs) of types SRa and SRb. The sample was defined in Kerschbaum &Hron (1992a, Paper I) by means of a certain limit in bolometricalmagnitude. From the sample of 350 objects, 260 now have near infrared(NIR) photometry - for 60 of these stars data from the literature areused. In total 290 datasets are available because of some multipleobservations. We briefly compare the photometry obtained at differentobservatories. Small but significant differences are found. A firstanalysis of the photometry supports one of the main findings of Paper I.The, in many aspects inhomogeneous, O-rich semiregular variables oftypes SRa and SRb can be successfully split in two subgroups called the`blue' and `red'/`Mira' SRVs. A separation of the `red' SRVs fromintrinsic Miras additionally requires variability information.
| New OH/IR stars from color-selected IRAS sources. 3: A complete survey
We present the results of 1612 MHz observations conducted at the AreciboObservatory of 571 color-selected sources from the IRAS Point SourceCatalog. Of these sources we detect 132, 113 for the first time. This isthe third part of an Arecibo survey of color-selected IRAS sources. Theearlier two parts together detected a total of 268 sources of 1612 MHzemission. An analysis of the properties of the OH/IR stars detected inall three parts of the survey is included. In particular we compute thelimiting 1612 MHz peak flux of the entire survey to be approximately 40mJy. The correlation between the IRAS infrared fluxes and the 1612 MHzflux of the 132 sources detected in part III of the survey is smallerthan that found in the earlier parts of the survey. This is to beexpected from the intrinsic variability of OH/IR stars and the longertime gap between the 1612 MHz observations and the IRAS measurements. Weidentify a subset of 54 stars as being near the tangent point of thegalactic rotation curve. Using the kinematical distances to these starswe find that the efficiency of momentum transfer varies exponentiallywith the (25 - 12) micrometer color, consistent with the stellar outflowbeing driven by radiation pressure. Further the IR pump efficiencyincreases with increasing optical depth of the circumstellar shell, asexpected for radiative pumping. The bolometric luminosity function isfound to decrease sharply above LBol = 5600 solar luminosity,and the 1612 MHz luminosity function shows a corresponding falloff aboveL1612 = 1.8 x 10-8 solar luminosity. We also finddirect confirmation of the expectation that sources with large expansionvelocity are more luminous than sources with small expansion velocity.
| Mass-losing M supergiants in the solar neighborhood
A list of the 21 mass-losing red supergiants (20 M type, one G type; Lgreater than 100,000 solar luminosities) within 2.5 kpc of the sun iscompiled. These supergiants are highly evolved descendants ofmain-sequence stars with initial masses larger than 20 solar masses. Thesurface density is between about 1 and 2/sq kpc. As found previously,these stars are much less concentrated toward the Galactic center thanW-R stars, which are also highly evolved massive stars. Although withconsiderable uncertainty, it is estimated that the mass return by the Msupergiants is somewhere between 0.00001 and 0.00003 solar mass/sq kpcyr. In the hemisphere facing the Galactic center there is much less massloss from M supergiants than from W-R stars, but, in the anticenterdirection, the M supergiants return more mass than do the W-R stars. Theduration of the M supergiant phase appears to be between 200,000 and400,000 yr. During this phase, a star of initially at least 20 solarmasses returns perhaps 3-10 solar masses into the interstellar medium.
| Statistical characteristics of the ten-micron silicate emission in M-type stars
The statistical characteristics of 10 micron silicate emission wereexamined for 1427 M-type stars in the catalog of the Two-Micron SkySurvey using the low-resolution spectra obtained by IRAS. Correlationswere examined of 10 micron silicate emission with the spectralclassification in the visual wavelength region, with near-infrared colorI - K, with a variability type, and with the period of variation. It wasfound that supergiants show silicate emission more frequently than dogiants. Silicate emission was found in stars of all three variabilitytypes: irregular, semiregular, and Mira variables. The proportion ofstars with silicate emission was found to be larger for Mira variables.Most of the Mira variables with periods of variation longer than about450 d were found to show silicate emission.
| Search for stars with intrinsic polarization
Results of polarimetric observations of 55 late-type stars arepresented. Twenty of these stars were found to have appreciablepolarization. The dependence of the degree of polarization on wavelengthis given. It is considered very probable that the polarizations of thestars SAO 141881, 141898, and 160413 are intrinsic.
| IRAS catalogues and atlases - Atlas of low-resolution spectra
Plots of all 5425 spectra in the IRAS catalogue of low-resolutionspectra are presented. The catalogue contains the average spectra ofmost IRAS poiont sources with 12 micron flux densities above 10 Jy.
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Observation and Astrometry data
| Constellation: | Flèche |
| Right ascension: | 19h21m42.05s |
| Declination: | +17°39'59.8" |
| Apparent magnitude: | 9.347 |
| Distance: | 450.45 parsecs |
| Proper motion RA: | -0.4 |
| Proper motion Dec: | -28.7 |
| B-T magnitude: | 11.556 |
| V-T magnitude: | 9.53 |
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INHABITED SKY
