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Are the W Ursae Majoris-type systems EK Comae Berenices and UX Eridani surrounded by circumstellar matter?
The variations of the orbital periods of two nearly neglected W UMa-typeeclipsing binaries, EK Comae Berenices and UX Eridani, are presentedthrough a detailed analysis of the O C diagrams. It is found that theorbital period of EK Com is decreasing and the period of UX Eridani isincreasing, and several sudden jumps have occurred in the orbitalperiods of both binaries. We analyze the mechanism(s), which mightunderlie the changes of the orbital periods of both systems, and obtainsome new results. The long-term decrease of the orbital period of EKComae Berenices might be caused by the decrease of the orbital angularmomentum due to a magnetic stellar wind (MSW) or by mass transfer fromthe more massive to the less massive component. The secular increase inthe orbital period of UX Eridani might be caused by mass transfer fromthe less massive to the more massive star. The possible mechanisms,which underlie the sudden changes in the orbital periods of the closebinary systems are as the followings: (1) the variations of thestructure due to the variation of the magnetic field; (2) the rapid massexchange between the close binaries and their circumstellar matter.Finally, the evolutionary status of the systems EK Comae Berenices andUX Eridani is discussed.
| Evolution of interacting binaries with a B type primary at birth
We revisited the analytical expression for the mass ratio distributionfor non-evolved binaries with a B type primary. Selection effectsgoverning the observations were taken into account in order to comparetheory with observations. Theory was optimized so as to fit best withthe observed q-distribution of SB1s and SB2s. The accuracy of thistheoretical mass ratio distribution function is severely hindered by theuncertainties on the observations. We present a library of evolutionarycomputations for binaries with a B type primary at birth. Some liberalcomputations including loss of mass and angular momentum during binaryevolution are added to an extensive grid of conservative calculations.Our computations are compared statistically to the observeddistributions of orbital periods and mass ratios of Algols. ConservativeRoche Lobe Over Flow (RLOF) reproduces the observed distribution oforbital periods but fails to explain the observed mass ratios in therange q in [0.4-1]. In order to obtain a better fit the binaries have tolose a significant amount of matter, without losing much angularmomentum.
| Automatic classification of eclipsing binaries light curves using neural networks
In this work we present a system for the automatic classification of thelight curves of eclipsing binaries. This system is based on aclassification scheme that aims to separate eclipsing binary systemsaccording to their geometrical configuration in a modified version ofthe traditional classification scheme. The classification is performedby a Bayesian ensemble of neural networks trained with Hipparcos data ofseven different categories including eccentric binary systems and twotypes of pulsating light curve morphologies.
| Gravity-darkening exponents in semi-detached binary systems from their photometric observations. II.
This second part of our study concerning gravity-darkening presents theresults for 8 semi-detached close binary systems. From the light-curveanalysis of these systems the exponent of the gravity-darkening (GDE)for the Roche lobe filling components has been empirically derived. Themethod used for the light-curve analysis is based on Roche geometry, andenables simultaneous estimation of the systems' parameters and thegravity-darkening exponents. Our analysis is restricted to theblack-body approximation which can influence in some degree theparameter estimation. The results of our analysis are: 1) For four ofthe systems, namely: TX UMa, β Per, AW Cam and TW Cas, there is avery good agreement between empirically estimated and theoreticallypredicted values for purely convective envelopes. 2) For the AI Drasystem, the estimated value of gravity-darkening exponent is greater,and for UX Her, TW And and XZ Pup lesser than corresponding theoreticalpredictions, but for all mentioned systems the obtained values of thegravity-darkening exponent are quite close to the theoretically expectedvalues. 3) Our analysis has proved generally that with the correction ofthe previously estimated mass ratios of the components within some ofthe analysed systems, the theoretical predictions of thegravity-darkening exponents for stars with convective envelopes arehighly reliable. The anomalous values of the GDE found in some earlierstudies of these systems can be considered as the consequence of theinappropriate method used to estimate the GDE. 4) The empiricalestimations of GDE given in Paper I and in the present study indicatethat in the light-curve analysis one can apply the recent theoreticalpredictions of GDE with high confidence for stars with both convectiveand radiative envelopes.
| The early-type eclipsing binary V1331 Aql*
We present a spectroscopic and photometric analysis of V1331 Aql, anearly-type eclipsing binary with a quite short period, i.e. 1.364 d.Radial velocity curves of both components were constructed fromhigh-dispersion spectra of this close early B-type system, which are thefirst published spectroscopic measurements of this star. The light curveanalysis is based on new UBV curves. Absolute dimensions of the binarycomponents are derived. The primary mass M1 (=10.1Msolar) and radius are close to the expected ZAMS values fortype B1V. The mass of the secondary component M2 (=5.3Msolar) corresponds to B4IV, but the component is hotter thanexpected for this type. It is oversized and overluminous for such amass, and in this respect is similar to the secondary components ofsemi-detached Algol-like systems. However, it does not completely fillits Roche lobe. A revision of the few other known binaries of comparablespectral type and period and a recalculation of the parameters of AI Cruand V Pup suggests that the detached configuration of V1331 Aql isunique among this group.
| Gravitational Darkening Coefficients of the Stars in the Semidetached Binary V Puppis
We have analyzed high-precision vby light curvesfor the semi-detachedbinary V Pup in a Roche model. They are consistent with the standardgravitational darkening coefficient for hot stars, β = 0.25, ratherthan the value β = 1.36 ± 0.04 derived by Kitamura andNakamura [1] using a simpler model. We rigorously estimate theconfidence intervals for the allowed gravitational darkeningcoefficients for a star filling its Roche lobe to be β = (-0.24,+1.29) for the 99% confidence level and β = (-0.21, +1.26) for the67% confidence level.
| Close binary stars in ob-association regions i. preliminary investigation
We performed a sample of O- and B-eclipsing binary stars inOB-association regions and obtained the preliminary list of 147 binariesin 45 OB-association regions. We tried to elucidate the question whether(or not) the close binaries belong to corresponding OB-associations,from the commonness of their proper motions, radial velocities anddistances. Based on the completeness of the data,the binaries aredevided into three groups and the scheme for calculation of degree ofbelonging of stars to OB-associations is developed. Necessary data arenot available for nine systems and they are given in a specific table.For 12 cases, the binaries project onto the regions of two associations.We show that 33 (22.3%) close binary stars are members, 65 (43.9%) areprobable members and 39 (26.4%) are less probable members of theOB-associations. We find that 11 binaries belong to the Galaxybackground. The comparison of the distributions of orbital periods forthe binaries in OB-associations and for O-, B-binaries of the Galaxybackground shows their considerable differences in the vicinity of thetwo-day period.
| Catalogue of Algol type binary stars
A catalogue of (411) Algol-type (semi-detached) binary stars ispresented in the form of five separate tables of information. Thecatalogue has developed from an earlier version by including more recentinformation and an improved layout. A sixth table lists (1872) candidateAlgols, about which fewer details are known at present. Some issuesrelating to the classification and interpretation of Algol-like binariesare also discussed.Catalogue is only available in electronic form at the CDS via anonymousftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/417/263
| Gravity-darkening exponents in semi-detached binary systems from their photometric observations: Part I
From the light curve analysis of several semi-detached close binarysystems, the exponent of the gravity-darkening (GDE) for the Roche lobefilling components has been empirically estimated. The analysis, basedon Roche geometry, has been made using the latest improved version ofour computer programme. The present method of the light-curve analysisenables simultaneous estimation of the systems' parameters and thegravity-darkening exponents. The reliability of the method has beenconfirmed by its application to the artificial light curves obtainedwith a priori known parameters. Further tests with real observationshave shown that in the case of well defined light curves the parametersof the system and the value of the gravity-darkening exponent can bereliably estimated. This first part of our analysis presents the resultsfor 9 of the examined systems, that could be briefly summarised asfollows: 1) For four of the systems, namely: ZZ Cru, RZ Dra, XZ Sgr andW UMi, there is a very good agreement between empirically estimated andtheoretically predicted values for purely radiative and convectiveenvelopes. 2) For the rest five, namely: TT Aur, V Pup, TV Cas, LT Her,and VV UMa, the estimated values of the gravity-darkening exponents werededuced to be larger than theory expects for purely radiative orconvective envelopes, respectively. Moreover, it is worthwhile tomention that these values -although greater than theoreticalpredictions- are: a) Smaller compared to those found by others. b) Intwo cases, (TV Cas & LT Her), they are normal if some kind of solartype activity (i.e. by employing the Roche model involving a spottedarea on the surface of the secondary star) is assumed. 3) The largevalues derived for the two early type systems TT Aur & V Pup, arevery possibly connected with the effects of rotation laws, and in somedegree with the large contribution of the radiative pressure in thetotal potential, leading by that to considerable deviations of thestellar surfaces from the assumed classical Roche geometry. 4) Finally,in the VV UMa case, the estimated value of the gravity-darkeningexponent - although almost double than the expected for stars withconvective envelopes - still it is low in comparison with that estimatedby others who have analysed the same data. But, since for thisparticular binary the anomalous GDE is not supported by recentsimultaneous uvby observations (Lazaro et al. \cite{lazaro}), theestimated higher value may be due to the old observational materialused.
| Stars with the Largest Hipparcos Photometric Amplitudes
A list of the 2027 stars that have the largest photometric amplitudes inHipparcos Photometry shows that most variable stars are all Miras. Thepercentage of variable types change as a function of amplitude. Thiscompilation should also be of value to photometrists looking forrelatively unstudied, but large amplitude stars.
| A Complete Survey of Case A Binary Evolution with Comparison to Observed Algol-type Systems
We undertake a comparison of observed Algol-type binaries with a libraryof computed Case A binary evolution tracks. The library consists of 5500binary tracks with various values of initial primary massM10, mass ratio q0, and period P0,designed to sample the phase-space of Case A binaries in the range-0.10<=logM10<=1.7. Each binary is evolved using astandard code with the assumption that both total mass and orbitalangular momentum are conserved. This code follows the evolution of bothstars to the point where contact or reverse mass transfer occurs. Theresulting binary tracks show a rich variety of behavior that we sortinto several subclasses of case A and case B. We present the results ofthis classification, the final mass ratio, and the fraction of timespent in Roche Lobe overflow for each binary system. The conservativeassumption under which we created this library is expected to hold for abroad range of binaries, where both components have spectra in the rangeG0 to B1 and luminosity classes III to V. We gather a list of relativelywell-determined, observed hot Algol-type binaries meeting thiscriterion, as well as a list of cooler Algol-type binaries, for which weexpect significant dynamo-driven mass loss and angular momentum loss. Wefit each observed binary to our library of tracks using aχ2-minimizing procedure. We find that the hot Algolsdisplay overall acceptable χ2, confirming theconservative assumption, while the cool Algols show much less acceptableχ2, suggesting the need for more free parameters, such asmass and angular momentum loss.
| Catalogue of Apparent Diameters and Absolute Radii of Stars (CADARS) - Third edition - Comments and statistics
The Catalogue, available at the Centre de Données Stellaires deStrasbourg, consists of 13 573 records concerning the results obtainedfrom different methods for 7778 stars, reported in the literature. Thefollowing data are listed for each star: identifications, apparentmagnitude, spectral type, apparent diameter in arcsec, absolute radiusin solar units, method of determination, reference, remarks. Commentsand statistics obtained from CADARS are given. The Catalogue isavailable in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp tocdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcar?J/A+A/367/521
| New labour on Algols: conservative or liberal?
I consider three topics related to the influence of magnetic braking,combined with tidal friction, on the orbital evolution of CVs. Firstly,I attempt to show that properties of Algols are roughly consistent withthe view that angular momentum loss (AML) takes place in systems withcool (G/K) components, but not in systems with hot (B/A) components.This is what one might expect if the AML requires an active dynamo asseen in the Sun and other cool stars. The timescale required is roughlyof the order of what might be expected by magnetic braking. Someenhanced mass loss (ML), presumably by stellar wind, also seems to benecessary in the more evolved Algol systems. Secondly, I urge thattheorists adopt a recipe for magnetic braking that is more on the linesof Stȩpień (1995) than of Skumanich (1972). Thirdly, Iargue that `interrupted magnetic braking', a mechanism often invoked toexplain the upper edge of the period gap in CVs, is not in accord withobserved properties of late M dwarfs and brown dwarfs, and that someother mechanism should be sought.
| A HIPPARCOS Census of the Nearby OB Associations
A comprehensive census of the stellar content of the OB associationswithin 1 kpc from the Sun is presented, based on Hipparcos positions,proper motions, and parallaxes. It is a key part of a long-term projectto study the formation, structure, and evolution of nearby young stellargroups and related star-forming regions. OB associations are unbound``moving groups,'' which can be detected kinematically because of theirsmall internal velocity dispersion. The nearby associations have a largeextent on the sky, which traditionally has limited astrometricmembership determination to bright stars (V<~6 mag), with spectraltypes earlier than ~B5. The Hipparcos measurements allow a majorimprovement in this situation. Moving groups are identified in theHipparcos Catalog by combining de Bruijne's refurbished convergent pointmethod with the ``Spaghetti method'' of Hoogerwerf & Aguilar.Astrometric members are listed for 12 young stellar groups, out to adistance of ~650 pc. These are the three subgroups Upper Scorpius, UpperCentaurus Lupus, and Lower Centaurus Crux of Sco OB2, as well as VelOB2, Tr 10, Col 121, Per OB2, alpha Persei (Per OB3), Cas-Tau, Lac OB1,Cep OB2, and a new group in Cepheus, designated as Cep OB6. Theselection procedure corrects the list of previously known astrometricand photometric B- and A-type members in these groups and identifiesmany new members, including a significant number of F stars, as well asevolved stars, e.g., the Wolf-Rayet stars gamma^2 Vel (WR 11) in Vel OB2and EZ CMa (WR 6) in Col 121, and the classical Cepheid delta Cep in CepOB6. Membership probabilities are given for all selected stars. MonteCarlo simulations are used to estimate the expected number of interloperfield stars. In the nearest associations, notably in Sco OB2, thelater-type members include T Tauri objects and other stars in the finalpre-main-sequence phase. This provides a firm link between the classicalhigh-mass stellar content and ongoing low-mass star formation. Detailedstudies of these 12 groups, and their relation to the surroundinginterstellar medium, will be presented elsewhere. Astrometric evidencefor moving groups in the fields of R CrA, CMa OB1, Mon OB1, Ori OB1, CamOB1, Cep OB3, Cep OB4, Cyg OB4, Cyg OB7, and Sct OB2, is inconclusive.OB associations do exist in many of these regions, but they are eitherat distances beyond ~500 pc where the Hipparcos parallaxes are oflimited use, or they have unfavorable kinematics, so that the groupproper motion does not distinguish it from the field stars in theGalactic disk. The mean distances of the well-established groups aresystematically smaller than the pre-Hipparcos photometric estimates.While part of this may be caused by the improved membership lists, arecalibration of the upper main sequence in the Hertzsprung-Russelldiagram may be called for. The mean motions display a systematicpattern, which is discussed in relation to the Gould Belt. Six of the 12detected moving groups do not appear in the classical list of nearby OBassociations. This is sometimes caused by the absence of O stars, but inother cases a previously known open cluster turns out to be (part of) anextended OB association. The number of unbound young stellar groups inthe solar neighborhood may be significantly larger than thoughtpreviously.
| Limb-darkening coefficients of illuminated atmospheres. I. Results for illuminated line-blanketed models with 3 700 K < T_eff < 7 000 K
The effect of mutual illumination in a close binary on thelimb-darkening coefficients is studied using the UMA (Uppsala ModelAtmosphere) code in convective line-blanketed atmospheres illuminated byline-blanketed fluxes, for 3 700 K
| Spectroscopic binary orbits from ultraviolet radial velocities. Paper 29: V Puppis (HD 65818)
Not Available
| Magnetic activity and evolution of Algol-type stars - II
We examine the possibility of probing dynamo action in mass-losingstars, components of Algol-type binaries. Our analysis is based on thecalculation of non-conservative evolution of these systems. We model thesystems USge and betaPer where the more massive companion fills itsRoche lobe at the main sequence (case AB) and where it has a smallhelium core (early case B) respectively. We show that to maintainevolution of these systems at the late stages which are presumablydriven by stellar `magnetic braking', an efficient mechanism forproducing large-scale surface magnetic fields in the donor star isneeded. We discuss the relevance of dynamo operation in the donor starto the accelerated mass transfer during the late stages of evolution ofAlgol-type binaries. We suggest that the observed X-ray activity inAlgol-type systems may be a good indicator of their evolutionary statusand internal structure of the mass-losing stellar components.
| A Photometric and Spectrophotometric Study of MR Cygni
A self-consistent, physically accurate program suite has been used in anaccurate simulation of new spectroscopy and photometry of MR Cygni.Analysis of both the spectroscopic and photometric data used spectrumsynthesis techniques and a synthetic photometry augmentation of a lightsynthesis program package. The theoretical light curves closely fit theobservational data. The same self-consistent parameters from the lightsynthesis solution produced synthetic spectra precisely fitting theobserved spectra at all orbital phases. The IRAF-reduced spectroscopyhas produced an accurate double-lined radial velocity curve. The derivedmass ratio differs greatly from photometric mass ratios in theliterature. New UBV photometry closely replicates existing data andindicates photometric stability of the binary system. A syntheticspectrum fitted to IUE data established the primary component Teff. Thelight curve solution determined a single set of system parameters usedto calculate U, B, and V light curves. We conclude that MR Cygni is amember of the relatively rare class of hot Algol systems defined byPopper. It is likely that mass transfer still is in progress, but thereis no evidence, either from orbital period variation or from a brightspot on the mass gainer, for its existence. The lack of H alpha emissionin any of our spectra, including one at phase 0.063, suggests a smallcurrent rate of mass transfer. The fact that our computationallyself-consistent procedure has successfully represented both thephotometry and the spectroscopy for a binary system whose components areappreciably distorted demonstrates the overall power of the procedure.
| An All-Sky Catalog of Faint Extreme Ultraviolet Sources
We present a list of 534 objects detected jointly in the ExtremeUltraviolet Explorer (EUVE) 100 Angstroms all-sky survey and in theROSAT X-Ray Telescope 0.25 keV band. The joint selection criterionpermits use of a low count rate threshold in each survey. This lowthreshold is roughly 60% of the threshold used in the previous EUVEall-sky surveys, and 166 of the objects listed here are new EUV sources,appearing in neither the Second EUVE Source Catalog nor the ROSAT WideField Camera Second Catalog. The spatial distribution of this all-skycatalog shows three features: an enhanced concentration of objects inUrsa Major, where the Galactic integrated H I column reaches its globalminimum; an enhanced concentration in the third quadrant of the Galaxy(lII from 180 deg to 270 deg) including the Canis Major tunnel, whereparticularly low H I columns are found to distances beyond 200 pc; and aparticularly low number of faint objects in the direction of the fourthquadrant of the Galaxy, where nearby intervening H I columns areappreciable. Of particular interest is the composition of the 166detections not previously reported in any EUV catalog. We offerpreliminary identifications for 105 of these sources. By far the mostnumerous (81) of the identifications are late-type stars (F, G, K, M),while 18 are other stellar types, only five are white dwarfs (WDs), andnone are extragalactic. The paucity of WDs and extragalactic objects maybe explained by a strong horizon effect wherein interstellar absorptionstrongly limits the effective new-source search volume and, thereby,selectively favors low-luminosity nearby sources over more luminous butdistant objects.
| Photospheric Heating in Colliding-Wind Binaries
The spectra of many massive binaries show secondary line depths that aredeeper when the secondary is approaching, a phenomenon we refer to asthe Struve-Sahade effect. Such systems are expected to contain collidingstellar winds, and we show how the X-ray flux from the bow shock thatwraps around the secondary will preferentially heat one hemisphere ofthe secondary. If the bow shock suffers any significant Coriolisdeflection due to orbital motion, then the heated surface of thesecondary will be best seen during orbital phases of secondary approach.We present model calculations for the system AO Cassiopeiae thatillustrate how the secondary's light curve appears brighter during theseorbital phases (as observed). We find that the model profiles ofspectral lines that are insensitive to or that strengthen with heatingwill appear deeper when the secondary is approaching, but the sameheating effects may be nulled or even reversed in lines that weaken withincreased temperature. This differing response of lines to heating maybe at odds with reports of systematic deepening of UV and optical lines,and thus the connection between such heating and the Struve-Sahadeeffect needs further observational and theoretical investigation.
| A calibration of Geneva photometry for B to G stars in terms of Teff, log G and [M/H]
We have used recent Kurucz models and numerous standard stars to improvethe calibration of the Geneva photometric system proposed a few yearsago. A new photometric diagram for the classification of intermediatestars (8500 <= Teff <= 11000 K) is proposed and fills agap that the previous calibration had left open. Evidence is given for aclear inadequacy of the new Kurucz models in the region of the parameterspace where convection begins to take over radiation in the star'satmosphere. This problem makes the determination of the surface gravitydifficult, but leaves that of the other parameters apparentlyunaffected. The determination of metallicity is considerably improved,thanks to the homogeneous spectroscopic data published recently by\cite[Edvardsson et al. (1993)]{ref23}. Instead of showing thetraditional diagrams, we chose to publish the diagrams of the physicalparameters with the inverted grids inside, i.e. the lines of constantphotometric parameters.
| A Catalogue of Correlations Between Eclipsing Binaries and Other Categories of Double Stars
Among the 9110 stars in The Bright Star Catalogue, there are 225eclipsing or ellipsoidal variables. A search has been made for these incatalogues of spectroscopic binaries, visual double or multiple stars,speckle interferometry, occulation binaries, and galatic clusters. Themajority of the photometric binaries are also members of groups ofhigher multiplicity. The variables are in systems ranging from one to 91stars, five on the average. 199 are either spectroscopic binaries (SB)or stars with variable radial velocity, with orbital periods known for160. Photometric periods are lacking for 48 while SB periods areavailable for 23 of these. Observers with photoelectric equipment areencouraged to plan observations to test if the SB periods are consistentwith photometric data. Observers are likewise encouraged to examinethose stars for which the photometric and SB periods appear to beinconsistent. Parallaxes are available for 86 of the stars, 41 of themindicating distances nearer than 50 parsecs.
| The ROSAT all-sky survey catalogue of optically bright OB-type stars.
For the detailed statistical analysis of the X-ray emission of hot starswe selected all stars of spectral type O and B listed in the Yale BrightStar Catalogue and searched for them in the ROSAT All-Sky Survey. Inthis paper we describe the selection and preparation of the data andpresent a compilation of the derived X-ray data for a complete sample ofbright OB stars.
| Spectroscopic binary orbits from ultraviolet radial velocities. Paper 18: TU MUSCAE (HD 100213)
Not Available
| Amateur Astronomy in South Africa
Not Available
| Vitesses radiales. Catalogue WEB: Wilson Evans Batten. Subtittle: Radial velocities: The Wilson-Evans-Batten catalogue.
We give a common version of the two catalogues of Mean Radial Velocitiesby Wilson (1963) and Evans (1978) to which we have added the catalogueof spectroscopic binary systems (Batten et al. 1989). For each star,when possible, we give: 1) an acronym to enter SIMBAD (Set ofIdentifications Measurements and Bibliography for Astronomical Data) ofthe CDS (Centre de Donnees Astronomiques de Strasbourg). 2) the numberHIC of the HIPPARCOS catalogue (Turon 1992). 3) the CCDM number(Catalogue des Composantes des etoiles Doubles et Multiples) byDommanget & Nys (1994). For the cluster stars, a precise study hasbeen done, on the identificator numbers. Numerous remarks point out theproblems we have had to deal with.
| Mass transfer and anomalous gravity darkening in semi-detached binary systems
The anomalous high correlation of the surface brightness to the surfacegravity on the secondary of a semi-detached system is interpreted by theenthalpy transport associated with the mass-outflow from the secondaryfilling the Roche lobe. Quasi-radial flow in the subadiabatic stellarenvelope from the deep interior is the cause of darkening. The speed ofthe flow, however, is essentially given by the condition of thesubsonic-supersonic transition through the region in the neighborhood ofthe L1 Lagrangian point. The consequence of the mass-outflowis the formation of star spots at low gravity regions on the front andback sides of the secondary towards the primary. These star spots showphotospheric depressions caused by lower opacities, like the Wilsondepression in sunspots. The anomalous gravity darkening can beconsidered as being a manifestation of the internal structure of thesecondary of a semi-detached binary system, measuring thesubadiabaticity in the interior through which the flow has traversed.Stars showing strong and less strong gravity darkening are stars ofrelatively high and low temperatures having radiative and convectiveenvelopes, respectively. The mass-loss rate, which accounts foranomalous gravity darkening, is estimated to be approximately10-6 solar mass/y.
| An IUE survey of interstellar H I LY alpha absorption. 1: Column densities
We measure Galactic interstellar neutral hydrogen column densities byanalyzing archival interstellar Ly alpha absorption line data toward 554B2 and hotter stars observed at high resolution with the IUE satellite.This study more than doubles the number of lines of sight with measuresof N(H I) based on Ly alpha. We have included the scattered lightbackground correction algorithm of Bianchi and Bohlin in our datareduction. We use the correlation between the Balmer discontinuity(c1) index and the stellar Ly alpha absorption in order toassess the effects of stellar Ly alpha contamination. Approximately 40%of the B stars with measured (c1) index, exhibit seriousstellar Ly alpha contamination. One table contains the derived values ofthe interstellar N(H I) for 393 stars with at most small amounts ofstellar contamination. Another lists the observed values of total N(H I)for 161 stars with suspected stellar Ly alpha contamination and/oruncertain stellar parameters.
| OB-type binaries: Models versus observations
Recently published models on close binary evolution for massive stars (Mgreater than 5 solar mass) are compared to a set of detached andsemidetached OB binaries. For the majority of the detached systems, wefind good correspondence between theoretical and observedcharacteristics for stars with masses between 4.5 sola mass and 17 solarmass. We explore the origin of semidetached systems, and discussanomalies between models and observed characteristics. An initial massratio of around 0.6 seems to be preffered for this group. Finally, webriefly examine a number of massive (marginal) contact systems. Thelatter systems all seem to evolve according to case A of mass transfer.
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Observation and Astrometry data
| Constellation: | とも座 |
| Right ascension: | 07h58m14.40s |
| Declination: | -49°14'42.0" |
| Apparent magnitude: | 4.41 |
| Distance: | 357.143 parsecs |
| Proper motion RA: | -9.8 |
| Proper motion Dec: | 5.7 |
| B-T magnitude: | 4.28 |
| V-T magnitude: | 4.472 |
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INHABITED SKY
