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uvby - β Photoelectric Photometry of the Open Cluster α Per
Absolute photoelectric photometry of stars in the direction of the OpenCluster α Per has been secured and is presented along with ananalysis reinforced with all the available data in Strömgrenuvby-β photometry compiled from the literature. Cluster membershipis analyzed and the physical characteristics of the stars have beendeduced. The membership determined in this paper is compared with thatof proper motion studies and Hipparcos.
| Astrometric radial velocities. III. Hipparcos measurements of nearby star clusters and associations
Radial motions of stars in nearby moving clusters are determined fromaccurate proper motions and trigonometric parallaxes, without any use ofspectroscopy. Assuming that cluster members share the same velocityvector (apart from a random dispersion), we apply a maximum-likelihoodmethod on astrometric data from Hipparcos to compute radial and spacevelocities (and their dispersions) in the Ursa Major, Hyades, ComaBerenices, Pleiades, and Praesepe clusters, and for theScorpius-Centaurus, alpha Persei, and ``HIP 98321'' associations. Theradial motion of the Hyades cluster is determined to within 0.4 kms-1 (standard error), and that of its individual stars towithin 0.6 km s-1. For other clusters, Hipparcos data yieldastrometric radial velocities with typical accuracies of a few kms-1. A comparison of these astrometric values withspectroscopic radial velocities in the literature shows a good generalagreement and, in the case of the best-determined Hyades cluster, alsopermits searches for subtle astrophysical differences, such as evidencefor enhanced convective blueshifts of F-dwarf spectra, and decreasedgravitational redshifts in giants. Similar comparisons for the ScorpiusOB2 complex indicate some expansion of its associations, albeit slowerthan expected from their ages. As a by-product from the radial-velocitysolutions, kinematically improved parallaxes for individual stars areobtained, enabling Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams with unprecedentedaccuracy in luminosity. For the Hyades (parallax accuracy 0.3 mas), itsmain sequence resembles a thin line, possibly with wiggles in it.Although this main sequence has underpopulated regions at certaincolours (previously suggested to be ``Böhm-Vitense gaps''), suchare not visible for other clusters, and are probably spurious. Futurespace astrometry missions carry a great potential for absoluteradial-velocity determinations, insensitive to the complexities ofstellar spectra. Based on observations by the ESA Hipparcos satellite.Extended versions of Tables \ref{tab1} and \ref{tab2} are available inelectronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr(130.79.125.8) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/381/446
| Catalogue of Apparent Diameters and Absolute Radii of Stars (CADARS) - Third edition - Comments and statistics
The Catalogue, available at the Centre de Données Stellaires deStrasbourg, consists of 13 573 records concerning the results obtainedfrom different methods for 7778 stars, reported in the literature. Thefollowing data are listed for each star: identifications, apparentmagnitude, spectral type, apparent diameter in arcsec, absolute radiusin solar units, method of determination, reference, remarks. Commentsand statistics obtained from CADARS are given. The Catalogue isavailable in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp tocdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcar?J/A+A/367/521
| A HIPPARCOS Census of the Nearby OB Associations
A comprehensive census of the stellar content of the OB associationswithin 1 kpc from the Sun is presented, based on Hipparcos positions,proper motions, and parallaxes. It is a key part of a long-term projectto study the formation, structure, and evolution of nearby young stellargroups and related star-forming regions. OB associations are unbound``moving groups,'' which can be detected kinematically because of theirsmall internal velocity dispersion. The nearby associations have a largeextent on the sky, which traditionally has limited astrometricmembership determination to bright stars (V<~6 mag), with spectraltypes earlier than ~B5. The Hipparcos measurements allow a majorimprovement in this situation. Moving groups are identified in theHipparcos Catalog by combining de Bruijne's refurbished convergent pointmethod with the ``Spaghetti method'' of Hoogerwerf & Aguilar.Astrometric members are listed for 12 young stellar groups, out to adistance of ~650 pc. These are the three subgroups Upper Scorpius, UpperCentaurus Lupus, and Lower Centaurus Crux of Sco OB2, as well as VelOB2, Tr 10, Col 121, Per OB2, alpha Persei (Per OB3), Cas-Tau, Lac OB1,Cep OB2, and a new group in Cepheus, designated as Cep OB6. Theselection procedure corrects the list of previously known astrometricand photometric B- and A-type members in these groups and identifiesmany new members, including a significant number of F stars, as well asevolved stars, e.g., the Wolf-Rayet stars gamma^2 Vel (WR 11) in Vel OB2and EZ CMa (WR 6) in Col 121, and the classical Cepheid delta Cep in CepOB6. Membership probabilities are given for all selected stars. MonteCarlo simulations are used to estimate the expected number of interloperfield stars. In the nearest associations, notably in Sco OB2, thelater-type members include T Tauri objects and other stars in the finalpre-main-sequence phase. This provides a firm link between the classicalhigh-mass stellar content and ongoing low-mass star formation. Detailedstudies of these 12 groups, and their relation to the surroundinginterstellar medium, will be presented elsewhere. Astrometric evidencefor moving groups in the fields of R CrA, CMa OB1, Mon OB1, Ori OB1, CamOB1, Cep OB3, Cep OB4, Cyg OB4, Cyg OB7, and Sct OB2, is inconclusive.OB associations do exist in many of these regions, but they are eitherat distances beyond ~500 pc where the Hipparcos parallaxes are oflimited use, or they have unfavorable kinematics, so that the groupproper motion does not distinguish it from the field stars in theGalactic disk. The mean distances of the well-established groups aresystematically smaller than the pre-Hipparcos photometric estimates.While part of this may be caused by the improved membership lists, arecalibration of the upper main sequence in the Hertzsprung-Russelldiagram may be called for. The mean motions display a systematicpattern, which is discussed in relation to the Gould Belt. Six of the 12detected moving groups do not appear in the classical list of nearby OBassociations. This is sometimes caused by the absence of O stars, but inother cases a previously known open cluster turns out to be (part of) anextended OB association. The number of unbound young stellar groups inthe solar neighborhood may be significantly larger than thoughtpreviously.
| Spectrophotometry of 237 Stars in 7 Open Clusters
Spectrophotometry is presented for 237 stars in 7 nearby open clusters:Hyades, Pleiades, Alpha Persei, Praesepe, Coma Berenices, IC 4665, andM39. The observations were taken by Lee McDonald and David Bursteinusing the Wampler single-channel scanner on the Crossley 0.9m telescopeat Lick Observatory from July 1973 through December 1974. Sixteenbandpasses spanning the spectral range 3500 Angstroms to 7780 Angstromswere observed for each star, with bandwidths 32Angstroms, 48 Angstromsor 64 Angstroms. Data are standardized to the Hayes-Latham system tomutual accuracy of 0.016 mag per passband. The accuracy of thespectrophotometry is assessed in three ways on a star-by-star basis.First, comparisons are made with previously published spectrophotometryfor 19 stars observed in common. Second, (B-V) colors and uvby colorsare compared for 236 stars and 221 stars, respectively. Finally,comparsions are made for 200 main sequence stars to the spectralsynthesis models of Kurucz, fixing log g = 4.0 and [Fe/H] = 0.0, andonly varying effective temperature. The accuracy of tests using uvbycolors and the Kurucz models are shown to track each other closely,yielding an accuracy estimate (1 sigma ) of 0.01 mag for the 13 colorsformed from bandpasses longward of the Balmer jump, and 0.02 mag for the3 colors formed from the three bandpasses below the Balmer jump. Incontrast, larger scatter is found relative to the previously publishedspectrophotometry of Bohm-Vitense & Johnson (16 stars in common) andGunn & Stryker (3 stars). We also show that the scatter in the fitsof the spectrophotometric colors and the uvby filter colors is areasonable way to identify the observations of which specific stars areaccurate to 1 sigma , 2 sigma , .... As such, the residuals from boththe filter color fits and the Kurucz model fits are tabulated for eachstar where it was possible to make a comparison, so users of these datacan choose stars according to the accuracy of the data that isappropriate to their needs. The very good agreement between the modelsand these data verifies the accuracy of these data, and also verifiesthe usefulness of the Kurucz models to define spectrophotometry forstars in this temperature range (>5000 K). These data define accuratespectrophotometry of bright, open cluster stars that can be used as asecondary flux calibration for CCD-based spectrophotometric surveys.
| ROSAT Pointed Observations of the Alpha Persei Cluster
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1996AJ....112.1570P&db_key=AST
| The X-ray properties of the young open cluster around α Persei.
We present ROSAT PSPC pointed observations of the 50Myr old α Peropen cluster. The X-ray observations, which were carried out as a rasterscan, cover an area of about 10deg^2^. In total, we detect about 160X-ray sources, 88 of which have an optical counterpart (within 30arcsec)associated with α Per cluster candidates. Within the centralregion of our field of view, which is characterized by a limitingsensitivity L_X_~10^28.8-29^erg/sec, we detect basically all late-F, Gand K stars, while the detection rate among the M dwarfs is on the orderof 60%. Given the sensitivity of our X-ray observations, the lowerdetection rate among the very low mass objects is consistent with theROSAT results obtained for the Pleiades cluster. Although stars in eachcolor range show a large spread in X-ray luminosity, the maximal X-rayluminosities appear to decrease from the range of late-F - G type starsto the M-type dwarfs. We interpret this as due to the fact that themaximum X-ray luminosity cannot exceed the saturation levelL_X_/L_bol_~10^-3^, and is hence a function of the bolometricluminosity. The availability of rotational velocities for many of theX-ray detected objects permits us to study correlations between rotationand X-ray activity. For B-V_o_>0.6, at a given mass, the weakestX-ray sources are slow rotators, while the strongest X-ray sources arerapid rotators. The relation between L_X_/L_bol_ and rotation we findfor the α Per low mass stars is the same as previously determinedfor low mass stars in the Pleiades, and a similar relation is found oncorrelating L_X_/L_bol_ with rotation period. Using directly measuredperiods as well as periods estimated from rotational velocities, wederive Rossby numbers (R_0_) for stars with B-V_o_>0.3 finding that awell-defined relationship between L_X_/L_bol_ and R_0_ is present bothfor early (i.e., F) and late-type stars. A comparison of the X-rayluminosity distribution functions (XLDF) for our α Per sample andthe Pleiades indicates that F and G-type stars in α Per are, as awhole, more X-ray luminous than their older counterparts in thePleiades. On the other hand, no significant difference is found betweenthe distributions of the K and M-type dwarfs in the two clusters. Weargue that this finding is a consequence of the longer spin-downtimescales of later-type objects, and hence of the fact that there aremore rapid rotators among G stars in α Per than in the Pleiades,while this is not the case for K and M dwarfs.
| Vitesses radiales. Catalogue WEB: Wilson Evans Batten. Subtittle: Radial velocities: The Wilson-Evans-Batten catalogue.
We give a common version of the two catalogues of Mean Radial Velocitiesby Wilson (1963) and Evans (1978) to which we have added the catalogueof spectroscopic binary systems (Batten et al. 1989). For each star,when possible, we give: 1) an acronym to enter SIMBAD (Set ofIdentifications Measurements and Bibliography for Astronomical Data) ofthe CDS (Centre de Donnees Astronomiques de Strasbourg). 2) the numberHIC of the HIPPARCOS catalogue (Turon 1992). 3) the CCDM number(Catalogue des Composantes des etoiles Doubles et Multiples) byDommanget & Nys (1994). For the cluster stars, a precise study hasbeen done, on the identificator numbers. Numerous remarks point out theproblems we have had to deal with.
| Spectroscopic binaries in the Alpha Persei cluster
An average of 16 radial velocity measures for each of the 28 brightest(B3-A2) cluster members and found four binaries was obtained. Theresulting binary frequency of 14 percent is, like the previous 20percent for the B6-A1 stars in the Pleiades, unusually low compared witha typical 30 percent for early-type field stars or with 30 percent ormore in other open clusters. These two clusters are the only known oneswith unusually high mean rotational velocities. It is suspected that themean rotational velocities are high either because these clusters lackshort-period binaries or are not old enough for synchronization ofrotational and orbital velocities to have occurred. The four AlphaPersei binaries are all relatively wide ones (greater than 20 d) andwith small mass ratios (0.1-0.5). The same results apply to the youngOrion Nebula cluster. These results can be explained in terms of theformation of binaries by capture in that during the first free-falltime, capture will produce wide binaries with small mass ratios, as inthe Orion Nebula and Alpha Persei clusters, but repeated captures anddisruptions will produce more closely spaced binaries with many massratios near 1.0, as in IC 4665.
| Membership of low-mass stars in the open cluster Alpha Persei
The results of a combined astrometric, photometric, and spectroscopicsearch for low-mass members in the intermediate-age open cluster AlphaPersei are presented. Over 130 low-mass new members have been identifiedto M(v) about 12.5, almost doubling the previous number of knownmembers. The new membership information suggests a slight upwardrevision of Alpha Per's age to about 8 x 10 exp 7 yr. Alpha Per isnoticeably spatially elongated in a direction parallel to the Galacticplane, most likely due to tidal deformation. Analysis of thedistribution of relative H-alpha emission strengths among Alpha Permembers confirms the view that the mean H-alpha strength decreases inincreasingly older systems. Allowing for survey incompleteness, onecannot reject the idea that the luminosity function is consistent withthe field luminosity function to M(v) about 9 or 10.
| Absolute magnitudes of B emission line stars - Correlation between the luminosity excess and the effective temperature
A new determination of the visual absolute magnitude of Be stars iscarried out. For this, a new calibration of visual absolute magnitudesof B stars of luminosity classes, V, IV, and III is first obtained froma sample of 215 stars. The absolute luminosity excess in the visual isdetermined for a sample of 49 Be stars. It is found that this excess iscorrelated with the effective temperature of the underlying stars. Awell defined correlation between this excess and the emission in thefirst two Balmer lines is established. From these results, using asimple model of circumstellar envelope, it is inferred that the zones ofthe circumstellar envelope contributing to the emission in the continuumand in the lines have to be rather small. It is also deduced that theemission measure of the envelope is correlated with the temperature ofthe central star and that the irregular photometric variations of Bestars are an envelope-opacity phenomenon.
| The measurement of precise radial velocities of early type stars
Methods are discussed which have made it possible to measure radialvelocities to within 1-3 km/s for O, B, and A spectral-type stars of allv sin i. The methods are based on the premise that neither the spectraltype nor the rotation velocity of a star need be well known prior to thevelocity measurement. This makes them particularly suitable for surveystudies or programs dealing with very heterogeneous samples of earlystars. Observations of early type members of the Pleiades and AlphaPersei open clusters at 3787 A shown that the radial-velocity zero pointused here for the early type stars is consistent with that for late-typestars to about 1 km/s for all spectral types and projected rotationvelocities.
| Starbursts, binary stars, and blue stragglers in local superclusters and groups. I - The very young disk and young disk populations
The distributions in the HR diagram with theoretical time-constant locifor stars in several young clusters and superclusters are compared todemonstrate that 'blue stragglers' in these aggregates are mostfrequently simply single massive (mode B) stars formed in bursts of starformation that occur at discrete intervals in time following theformation of the bulk of the low-mass (mode A) stars in the aggregate.The characteristics of the close binary systems in these aggregates areexamined to show that, in several cases, mass transfer by Roche lobeoverflow has or will occur and that, in some instances, the system wouldhave appeared as a blue straggler prior to the mass-transfer event, and,in other instances, mass transfer will lead to the identification of thesystem as a blue straggler. Thus, it is concluded that the bluestraggler phenomenon has at least two distinct physical origins: it mayoriginate from delayed formation (starbursts) or from 'delayedevolution' in some close binaries (mass transfer from an evolvedprimary).
| Effects of rotation on the colours and line indices of stars. I - The Alpha Persei Cluster
Analysis of the available observational data for the Alpha-Perseicluster members shows that rotation effects on the intermediate-bandindices c1 and (u-b) are considerable. In c1, rotation produces areddening of 0.040 magnitudes per 100 km/s. In (u-b), the effect for Bstars is found to be 0.06 magnitudes per 100 km/s of V sin i. Thebinaries and peculiar stars are found to behave differently in the colorexcess (due to rotation) versus V sin i diagrams. These empiricaleffects can be utilized to recalibrate these color indices and also toseparate members that are either chemically peculiar or in binarysystems.
| The early A type stars - Refined MK classification, confrontation with Stroemgren photometry, and the effects of rotation
The MK classification system for the early A-type stars is refined, anda parallel system of standards for the broad-lined stars is introduced.With this improved system, stars may be classified with significantlygreater precision than before. It is shown that spectral types in thissystem are not systematically affected by rotational line broadening. Atotal of 372 early A-type stars are classified, and a confrontation ofthese spectral types with Stroemgren photometry reveals a number ofsystematic photometric effects of rotation. In particular, high v sin istars are systematically redder than low v sin i stars of the samespectral type, and the beta index is weakened by rotation. It isconcluded that precise spectral classification in conjunction withStroemgren and H-beta photometry can potentially provide a valuablecheck and input to the theory of the atmospheres of rotating stars.
| Photoelectric search for CP2-stars in open clusters. XII - Alpha Persei, Praesepe and NGC 7243
Observations of 95 stars in the open clusters Alpha Persei, Praesepe,and NGC 7243 have been performed by Delta-a photometry in order tosearch for the presence of the 5200-A feature of CP2 (or CP4) stars.Although peculiarity has been claimed for half a dozen stars in AlphaPersei, the photometry detects only the CP4 star (= He-weak) HL 985among the cluster members. The behavior of 3 Be/shell stars (HL 861,1164, 904) concerning the 5200-A feature is discussed. Praesepe, by farthe oldest cluster in the survey program, presents a very new andspecial case: 3 stars, previously classified as Am have Delta-a valuesaround 0.020 mag, i.e., they exhibit photometric peculiarity likeCP2-stars. Such values are incompatible with preceding results for fieldand cluster Am-stars (= CP3). These objects deserve further attentionboth photometrically and spectroscopically. NGC 7243 exhibits anoutstanding high frequency of CP2-stars; two certain Delta a-peculiarstars have been found: L 370, already known as peculiar, and the newlyidentified L 114. Two stars are near the detection level: L 58 and 121.According to Geneva photometry, L 487 is markedly peculiar.
| Radial velocity measurements. II - Ground-based observations of the program stars for the HIPPARCOS satellite
New radial velocities for 446 stars of magnitude 9.0 or brighter in 1616-sq-deg fields of the Northern Hemisphere are determined by automaticPDS measurement of 80-A/mm-dispersion spectra obtained at theObservatoire de Haute Provence using a 17-cm-diameter objective prism.The fields were selected to provide data for the input catalog of theESA Hipparcos astrometric satellite. The measurement techniques andprecision are discussed, and the results are presented in extensivetables and graphs.
| Spectral types in the alf Per cluster.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1978PASP...90..692A&db_key=AST
| Four-color and H beta photometry for open clusters. 10. The alf Per cluster.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1974AJ.....79..687C&db_key=AST
| Blue CN-absorption measurements of close binary stars.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1974AJ.....79...34K&db_key=AST
| The H-R diagram of the alf Per cluster.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1971AJ.....76..242M&db_key=AST
| The radial velocities., luminosities of 77 stars in the field of the alf Per cluster.
Not Available
| Studies of Stellar Rotation.IV. a Comparison of Rotational Velocities in the Alpha Persei Cluster and the Pleiades
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1967ApJ...148..129K&db_key=AST
| An absolute magnitude calibration of the H-beta index for early-type stars.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1965AJ.....70..575F&db_key=AST
| Photoelectric measures of Hydrogen-line absorption in early-type stars
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1962MNRAS.123..521B&db_key=AST
| Photoelectric Spectrophotometry of A-Type Stars.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1960ApJ...132..532B
| Photometry of the α Persei Cluster.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1960ApJ...132...68M&db_key=AST
| Two-Dimensional Spectral Classification by Narrow-Band Photometry for B Stats in Clusters and Associations.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1958ApJ...128..185C&db_key=AST
| Photometry of the Perseus Aggregates.
Not Available
| Eigenbewegungen in der Umgebung von α Persei
Not Available
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Observation and Astrometry data
| Constellation: | ペルセウス座 |
| Right ascension: | 03h28m53.65s |
| Declination: | +49°04'13.1" |
| Apparent magnitude: | 7.455 |
| Distance: | 170.648 parsecs |
| Proper motion RA: | 24.6 |
| Proper motion Dec: | -31.2 |
| B-T magnitude: | 7.607 |
| V-T magnitude: | 7.468 |
Catalogs and designations:
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INHABITED SKY
