A Galactic O Star Catalog
We have produced a catalog of 378 Galactic O stars with accuratespectral classifications that is complete for V<8 but includes manyfainter stars. The catalog provides cross-identifications with othersources; coordinates (obtained in most cases from Tycho-2 data);astrometric distances for 24 of the nearest stars; optical (Tycho-2,Johnson, and Strömgren) and NIR photometry; group membership,runaway character, and multiplicity information; and a Web-based versionwith links to on-line services.
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A radio and mid-infrared survey of northern bright-rimmed clouds
We have carried out an archival radio, optical and infrared wavelengthimaging survey of 44 Bright-Rimmed Clouds (BRCs) using the NRAO/VLA SkySurvey (NVSS) archive, images from the Digitised Sky Survey (DSS) andthe Midcourse Space eXperiment (MSX). The data characterise the physicalproperties of the Ionised Boundary Layer (IBL) of the BRCs. We haveclassified the radio detections as: that associated with the ionisedcloud rims; that associated with possible embedded Young Stellar Objects(YSOs); and that unlikely to be associated with the clouds at all. Thestars responsible for ionising each cloud are identified and acomparison of the expected ionising flux to that measured at the cloudrims is presented. A total of 25 clouds display 20 cm radio continuumemission that is associated with their bright optical rims. The ionisingphoton flux illuminating these clouds, the ionised gas pressure and theelectron density of the IBL are determined. We derive internal molecularpressures for 9 clouds using molecular line data from the literature andcompare these pressures to the IBL pressures to determine the pressurebalance of the clouds. We find three clouds in which the pressureexerted by their IBLs is much greater than that measured in the internalmolecular material. A comparison of external pressures around theremaining clouds to a global mean internal pressure shows that themajority of clouds can be expected to be in pressure equilibrium withtheir IBLs and hence are likely to be currently shocked byphotoionisation shocks. We identify one source which shows 20 cmemission consistent with that of an embedded high-mass YSO and confirmits association with a known infrared stellar cluster. This embeddedcluster is shown to contain early-type B stars, implying that at leastsome BRCs are intimately involved in intermediate to high mass starformation.Figure \ref{fig:images} and Table \ref{tbl:istars1} are only availablein electronic form at http://www.edpsciences.org
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A study of RV in Galactic O stars from the 2MASS catalogue
We present new measurements of the interstellar reddening parameterRV=AV/E(B-V) towards 185 O stars, using J, H,Ks photometry from the 2MASS project. The results arecombined with data from the literature of 95 stars where RVhas been derived with the same technique, 22 of which in common with ourpresent sample from the 2MASS project catalogue. The averageRV from these 258 O stars is of 3.19 +/- 0.50. All objectswhose RV departs from this value by more than 2 sigma havebeen recognized. Ten objects have RV higher than this valueand two lower. It is found that anomalous RV can scarcely beassociated with anomalies in the general interstellar medium, e.g. withdifferent behaviour in different spiral arms. They are clearly linked tolocal cloud effect. In the Cygnus region RV values follow thebehaviour of the general interstellar medium, while in the Carina arm,in spite of the relatively larger distance, local cloud effects prevail.An explanation for this is suggested. The relatively few stars of oursample whose Hipparcos parallaxes are reliable, are found to havedistances systematically smaller than the distances derived by thespectroscopic parallaxes. We argue that this effect is consistent withthe recently claimed discovery of grey extinction towards OB stars.This publication makes use of data products from the Two Micron All SkySurvey (2MASS), which is a joint project of the University ofMassachusetts and the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center/CaliforniaInstitute of Technology, funded by the National Aeronautics and SpaceAdministration and the National Science Foundation.Tables 1 and 2 are only available in electronic form at the CDS viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/410/905
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Pre-main-sequence stars in the young open cluster NGC 1893. I. A spectroscopic search for candidates in the area photometrically surveyed
We present low-resolution spectroscopy of the majority of the stars inthe field of NGC 1893 which were classified asnon-members based on the photometry of Marco et al. (2001). We separatefield stars from pre-main-sequence members based on a combination ofspectral type and photometric indices which allows us to determine thereddening to the objects. For candidates to pre-main-sequence objects,we present intermediate-resolution spectra. We confirm 3 F-typeemission-line objects as massive T Tauri stars in NGC1893 and find two good candidates for being absorption-lineHerbig A stars. A B5 star is a very good candidate for anabsorption-line Herbig B star. We also investigate the nature ofemission-line B-type stars close to the cluster centre. Availableevidence suggests that both classical Be stars and Herbig Be stars arepresent in NGC 1893. Based on observations obtainedat the Asiago Observatory (Italy), the Isaac Newton Telescope (La Palma,Spain) and Observatoire de Haute Provence (CNRS, France).
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Proper motions of open clusters based on the TYCHO2 Catalogue. II. Clusters farther than 1 kpc
We determined the mean absolute proper motion of 94 open clusterssituated farther than 1 kpc from the Sun. The results are derived fromthe stellar proper motion data given in the Tycho2 Catalogue. The meanproper motion of the clusters and membership probability of individualstars were obtained from the proper motion data by applying thestatistical method proposed by Sanders (\cite{Sanders1971}). Themeasurements made use of a large number of stars, usually several tens,for each cluster. The total number of stars investigated in the fieldsof the clusters is 4864 of which 2021 were considered members. For 55clusters, this is the first determination of the proper motion. Based onobservations of the ESA Hipparcos satellite. Tables 1 to 95 are onlyavailable in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp tocdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/388/168
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Photometric and Spectroscopic Study of the Young Open Cluster NGC 1893
We present uvbyβ CCD photometry of the field of the open clusterNGC 1893. Our photometry is deep enough to cover the completemain-sequence B spectral type. We identify ~50 very likely members ofthe cluster down to spectral type B9-A0, some of which have much higherreddenings than the average. We derive a color excess E(b-y)=0.33+/-0.03and a dereddened distance modulusV0-MV=13.9+/-0.2. From the β index, weidentify several candidates as emission-line stars, for which we haveobtained spectroscopy. Three of them display spectra corresponding tospectral type F but showing Hα in emission. Photometricmeasurements in this and previous studies indicate strong variability.These characteristics show them to be pre-main-sequence stars ofspectral type F. We also identify two likely Herbig Be stars. Theseresults hint at the existence of a sizable pre-main-sequence populationin NGC 1893.
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Catalogue of Apparent Diameters and Absolute Radii of Stars (CADARS) - Third edition - Comments and statistics
The Catalogue, available at the Centre de Données Stellaires deStrasbourg, consists of 13 573 records concerning the results obtainedfrom different methods for 7778 stars, reported in the literature. Thefollowing data are listed for each star: identifications, apparentmagnitude, spectral type, apparent diameter in arcsec, absolute radiusin solar units, method of determination, reference, remarks. Commentsand statistics obtained from CADARS are given. The Catalogue isavailable in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp tocdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcar?J/A+A/367/521
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On the Correlation between CO Absorption and Far-Ultraviolet Nonlinear Extinction toward Galactic OB Stars
A sample of 59 sight lines to reddened Galactic OB stars was examinedfor correlations of the strength of the CO Fourth Positive(A1Π-X1Σ+) absorption bandsystem with the ultraviolet interstellar extinction curve parameters. Weused archival high-dispersion NEWSIPS IUE spectra to measure the COabsorption for comparison with parametric fits of the extinction curvesfrom the literature. A strong correlation with the nonlinear far-UVcurvature term was found with greater absorption, normalized to E(B-V),being associated with more curvature. A weaker trend with the linearextinction term was also found. Mechanisms for enhancing CO in dustenvironments exhibiting high nonlinear curvature are discussed.
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Absolute proper motions of open clusters. I. Observational data
Mean proper motions and parallaxes of 205 open clusters were determinedfrom their member stars found in the Hipparcos Catalogue. 360 clusterswere searched for possible members, excluding nearby clusters withdistances D < 200 pc. Members were selected using ground basedinformation (photometry, radial velocity, proper motion, distance fromthe cluster centre) and information provided by Hipparcos (propermotion, parallax). Altogether 630 certain and 100 possible members werefound. A comparison of the Hipparcos parallaxes with photometricdistances of open clusters shows good agreement. The Hipparcos dataconfirm or reject the membership of several Cepheids in the studiedclusters. Tables 1 and 2 are only available in electronic form at theCDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
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UBV beta Database for Case-Hamburg Northern and Southern Luminous Stars
A database of photoelectric UBV beta photometry for stars listed in theCase-Hamburg northern and southern Milky Way luminous stars surveys hasbeen compiled from the original research literature. Consisting of over16,000 observations of some 7300 stars from over 500 sources, thisdatabase constitutes the most complete compilation of such photometryavailable for intrinsically luminous stars around the Galactic plane.Over 5000 stars listed in the Case-Hamburg surveys still lackfundamental photometric data.
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Cross-correlation characteristics of OB stars from IUE spectroscopy
We present a catalogue of homogeneous measures of the linewidthparameter, v_esin i, for 373 O-type stars and early B supergiants(including the separate components of 25 binary and three triplesystems), produced by cross-correlating high-resolution,short-wavelength IUE spectra against a `template' spectrum of tauSco. Wealso tabulate terminal velocities. There are no O supergiants in oursample with v_esin i<65 km s^-1, and only one supergiant earlier thanB5 has v_esin i<50 km s^-1, confirming that an important linebroadening mechanism in addition to rotation must be present in theseobjects. A calibration of the area under the cross-correlation peakagainst spectral type is used to obtain estimates of continuum intensityratios of the components in 28 spectroscopically binary or multiplesystems. At least seven SB2 systems show evidence for the `Struve-Sahadeeffect', a systematic variation in relative line strength as a functionof orbital phase. The stellar wind profiles of the most rapid rotator inour sample, the O9III:n* star HD 191423 (v_esin i=436km s^-1), show itto have a `wind-compressed disc' similar to that of HD 93521; this starand other rapid rotators are good candidates for studies of non-radialpulsation.
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Projected Rotational Velocities of O-Type Stars
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1996ApJ...463..737P&db_key=AST
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Derivation of the Galactic rotation curve using space velocities
We present rotation curves of the Galaxy based on the space-velocitiesof 197 OB stars and 144 classical cepheids, respectively, which rangeover a galactocentric distance interval of about 6 to 12kpc. Nosignificant differences between these rotation curves and rotationcurves based solely on radial velocities assuming circular rotation arefound. We derive an angular velocity of the LSR of{OMEGA}_0_=5.5+/-0.4mas/a (OB stars) and {OMEGA}_0_=5.4+/-0.5mas/a(cepheids), which is in agreement with the IAU 1985 value of{OMEGA}_0_=5.5mas/a. If we correct for probable rotations of the FK5system, the corresponding angular velocities are {OMEGA}_0_=6.0mas/a (OBstars) and {OMEGA}_0_=6.2mas/a (cepheids). These values agree betterwith the value of {OMEGA}_0_=6.4mas/a derived from the VLA measurementof the proper motion of SgrA^*^.
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The Initial Mass Function and Massive Star Evolution in the OB Associations of the Northern Milky Way
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1995ApJ...454..151M&db_key=AST
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Evidence for Mass Outflow from the Nucleus of M101: Knots, Rings, and a Geyser
Hα on-line and off-line CCD images of M101 obtained with theCanada-France-Hawaii 3.6 m telescope show the presence of two Hαbright, filled knots paired linearly across the nucleus in a north-southorientation. The knots are centered 2.4" (85 pc, assuming a distance toM101 of 7.4 Mpc) from the nucleus and lie roughly perpendicular to aneast-west molecular bar. Each knot in turn is connected to an elongated,photoionized ring lying parallel along the bar. The eastern ring,connected to the southern knot, reaches outward in a well-defined 500 x200 pc oval. The 700 x 300 pc western ring, connected to the northernknot, is more broken and dissipated in the middle. An arc containingblue stars and/or significant Hα absorption lies along thesouthern side of a dust lane extending from the nucleus westward alongthe bar. Hubble Space Telescope Planetary Camera image data show pocketsof star-forming regions to the east and to the south of the nucleuswhich are associated with the knot and ring in that half. The imagingdata, together with velocity data obtained with the Coude' feedspectrometer at Kitt Peak National Observatory show that the knots andrings are likely a bipolar outflow originating from a velocity <100km s^-1^ "geyser" which has a period of approximately 22 million yearsand is located in the nucleus. The geyser may be caused by a mass <10^6^ M_sun_ black hole orbiting within the nucleus, sweeping materialfrom the molecular bar.
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Diffuse interstellar bands and UV extinction curves. The missing link.
The connection between diffuse interstellar bands and components of theinterstellar ultraviolet extinction curve, decomposed according to theFitzpatrick & Massa scheme, is analysed from new observations ofseveral DIBs in the line of sight to 28 stars measured by IUE. We findthat the strength of the 217.5nm bump positively correlates with DIBstrength, whereas correlations with a negative slope exist with the FUVnon-linear rise and the width of the bump. There is no correlation withlinear rise. The relation of bump height versus DIB strength does notpass through zero. The results are interpreted within the polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) framework. They strengthen the hypothesisthat the FUV non-linear rise is produced by neutral PAHs, whereas DIBcarriers are found among some ionised or radical PAHs.
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Synthetic UV Lines of Si IV, C IV, and He II from a Population of Massive Stars in Starburst Galaxies
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1993ApJ...418..749R&db_key=AST
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The Diffuse Ionized Interstellar Medium: Structures Resulting from Ionization by O Stars
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1993ApJ...417..579M&db_key=AST
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Complex Structure in Two Diffuse Interstellar Bands
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1993A&A...274..465J&db_key=AST
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Environment Dependence of Interstellar Extinction Curves
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1993A&A...274..439J&db_key=AST
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Stellar wind velocities and the radiation-driven winds theory for O stars
In this paper we have carried out an analysis of the predictions of theradiatively driven stellar winds theories on 63 stars belonging toclusters or associations. The spectral types in our sample range from O3to B0 and all classes of luminosity are considered. The study has beencarried out starting from the relationship between the stellar-windvelocity obtained from the resonance doublet of C IV for stars observedwith the IUE, and the escape velocity. The stellar masses have beenobtained from the evolutionary tracks of Maeder and Meynet (1987).Results from recent NLTE analyses with blanketing of lines and windshave been used for the effective temperature.
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Near-infrared and Stromgren photometry of the open clusters NGC 663, NGC 1502 and NGC 1893
Observational data are presented regarding the three objects includingnear-IR JHK, Stromgren uvby, and H-beta photometry of the centralregions. The intrinsic photometric colors of average main-sequence starsare taken from previous studies to examine the data with m1 vs. b-y, c1vs. m1, beta vs. c1, J-H vs. H-K, and V-K vs. b-y diagrams. It isdetermined that the ages of and distance to NGC 663, NGC 1502, and NGC1893 are respectively 9 x 10 exp 6 yr and 2.5 kpc, 5 x 10 exp 6 yr and1.5 kpc, and 4 x 10 exp 6 yr and 4.3 kpc. The results indicate otherparameters, and considerable differental reddening is noted across NGC663. The total-to-selective extinction ratio is also examined showingthat it is smaller than the galactic value towards NGC 663 and 1893 andsignificantly lower than the average value for the ISM in NGC 1502. Itis concluded that the size distribution of the dust particles in thepresent line-of-sight has an inherent bias.
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WO ist der Himmel AM buntesten ?
Not Available
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Photospheric Absorption Lines in the Ultraviolet Spectra of O-Stars and B-Stars
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1990MNRAS.246..392P&db_key=AST
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Terminal velocities for a large sample of O stars, B supergiants, and Wolf-Rayet stars
It is argued that easily measured, reliable estimates of terminalvelocities for early-type stars are provided by the central velocityasymptotically approached by narrow absorption features and by theviolet limit of zero residual intensity in saturated P Cygni profiles.These estimators are used to determine terminal velocities, v(infinity),for 181 O stars, 70 early B supergiants, and 35 Wolf-Rayet stars. For OBstars, the values are typically 15-20 percent smaller than the extremeviolet edge velocities, v(edge), while for WR stars v(infinity) = 0.76v(edge) on average. New mass-loss rates for WR stars which are thermalradio emitters are given, taking into account the new terminalvelocities and recent revisions to estimates of distances and to themean nuclear mass per electron. The relationships between v(infinity),the surface escape velocities, and effective temperatures are examined.
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Mass loss from stars : the universal formula for mass loss rate
Not Available
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The stellar winds of 203 Galactic O stars - A quantitative ultraviolet survey
Measurements of the resonance lines of C IV, N V, and Si IV in a sampleof 203 O stars observed using IUE in a high-resolution mode arepresented. The data are discussed using a consistent set of radius,luminosity, and mass estimates. The ratio of the maximum observedvelocity and the terminal (farfield) velocity is found to average at 3.0for 131 stars with strong or saturated lines, and at 2.6 for all stars.An expression is given which is the best available predictor of O starmass loss rates, giving an accuracy better than a factor of twoirrespective of luminosity class. The ionization fractions C(3+)/C andN(4+)/N are found to be independent of stellar effective temperature,but increase by a factor of about two from main sequence stars tosupergiants. Two new possible ON stars are identified, and enhancedsurface nitrogen abundance is confimed in ON stars. Discrete narrowabsorption features are found to be virtually universal characteristicof O star P Cygni profiles.
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A radiation-driven stellar wind model with a line force cutoff
This paper presents a model for a radiation-driven stellar wind in whichthe driving force is abruptly cut off at an adjustable distance from thestar. The model is intended to give a first approximation of the effectsof ionizing shocks in a stellar wind on the terminal velocity andmass-loss rate. As expected, the wind velocity is found to decreaseafter the line force is cut off. The terminal velocity depends directlyon the velocity of the wind at the point where the driving force is cutoff. The mass-loss rate is found to be unaffected as long as the cutoffis outside the critical point of the flow. The model is applied to thestar Tau Sco, a strong X-ray source with an anomalously low terminalvelocity. It is shown that this low terminal velocity can be caused by acutoff of the line force at a distance which is consistent with the ideathat the observed X-rate emission is produced by shocks in the wind.
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Stellar wind velocities and luminosities of O stars
Stellar wind velocities (v-edge not greater than v-infinity) for 110 Ostars are calculated. The spectral types in the sample range from O3through B0; all luminosity classes are represented. Stars from clustersand associations (extreme Population I) as well as field stars areconsidered. There is a weak evidence of higher v-edge for extremePopulation I stars with respect to field stars. A lower limit forstellar luminosity is also computed, and a fair positive correlationbetween this quantity and v-edge is found. Evidence is found of avariation of the ratio v-infinity/v-esc within the sample.
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INHABITED SKY
