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Effective temperature scale and bolometric corrections from 2MASS photometry
We present a method to determine effective temperatures, angularsemi-diameters and bolometric corrections for population I and II FGKtype stars based on V and 2MASS IR photometry. Accurate calibration isaccomplished by using a sample of solar analogues, whose averagetemperature is assumed to be equal to the solar effective temperature of5777 K. By taking into account all possible sources of error we estimateassociated uncertainties to better than 1% in effective temperature andin the range 1.0-2.5% in angular semi-diameter for unreddened stars.Comparison of our new temperatures with other determinations extractedfrom the literature indicates, in general, remarkably good agreement.These results suggest that the effective temperaure scale of FGK starsis currently established with an accuracy better than 0.5%-1%. Theapplication of the method to a sample of 10 999 dwarfs in the Hipparcoscatalogue allows us to define temperature and bolometric correction (Kband) calibrations as a function of (V-K), [m/H] and log g. Bolometriccorrections in the V and K bands as a function of T_eff, [m/H] and log gare also given. We provide effective temperatures, angularsemi-diameters, radii and bolometric corrections in the V and K bandsfor the 10 999 FGK stars in our sample with the correspondinguncertainties.
| The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the Solar neighbourhood. Ages, metallicities, and kinematic properties of 14 000 F and G dwarfs
We present and discuss new determinations of metallicity, rotation, age,kinematics, and Galactic orbits for a complete, magnitude-limited, andkinematically unbiased sample of 16 682 nearby F and G dwarf stars. Our63 000 new, accurate radial-velocity observations for nearly 13 500stars allow identification of most of the binary stars in the sampleand, together with published uvbyβ photometry, Hipparcosparallaxes, Tycho-2 proper motions, and a few earlier radial velocities,complete the kinematic information for 14 139 stars. These high-qualityvelocity data are supplemented by effective temperatures andmetallicities newly derived from recent and/or revised calibrations. Theremaining stars either lack Hipparcos data or have fast rotation. Amajor effort has been devoted to the determination of new isochrone agesfor all stars for which this is possible. Particular attention has beengiven to a realistic treatment of statistical biases and errorestimates, as standard techniques tend to underestimate these effectsand introduce spurious features in the age distributions. Our ages agreewell with those by Edvardsson et al. (\cite{edv93}), despite severalastrophysical and computational improvements since then. We demonstrate,however, how strong observational and theoretical biases cause thedistribution of the observed ages to be very different from that of thetrue age distribution of the sample. Among the many basic relations ofthe Galactic disk that can be reinvestigated from the data presentedhere, we revisit the metallicity distribution of the G dwarfs and theage-metallicity, age-velocity, and metallicity-velocity relations of theSolar neighbourhood. Our first results confirm the lack of metal-poor Gdwarfs relative to closed-box model predictions (the ``G dwarfproblem''), the existence of radial metallicity gradients in the disk,the small change in mean metallicity of the thin disk since itsformation and the substantial scatter in metallicity at all ages, andthe continuing kinematic heating of the thin disk with an efficiencyconsistent with that expected for a combination of spiral arms and giantmolecular clouds. Distinct features in the distribution of the Vcomponent of the space motion are extended in age and metallicity,corresponding to the effects of stochastic spiral waves rather thanclassical moving groups, and may complicate the identification ofthick-disk stars from kinematic criteria. More advanced analyses of thisrich material will require careful simulations of the selection criteriafor the sample and the distribution of observational errors.Based on observations made with the Danish 1.5-m telescope at ESO, LaSilla, Chile, and with the Swiss 1-m telescope at Observatoire deHaute-Provence, France.Complete Tables 1 and 2 are only available in electronic form at the CDSvia anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/418/989
| Completeness of USNO-B for High Proper Motion Stars
I test the completeness of USNO-B detections of high proper motion(μ>180 mas yr-1) stars and the accuracy of itsmeasurements by comparing them to the revised New Luyten Two-Tenthscatalog of Salim & Gould. For 14.5~20 mas yr-1) may actuallyhave still larger errors than tabulated.
| Improved Astrometry and Photometry for the Luyten Catalog. II. Faint Stars and the Revised Catalog
We complete construction of a catalog containing improved astrometry andnew optical/infrared photometry for the vast majority of NLTT starslying in the overlap of regions covered by POSS I and by the secondincremental Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) release, approximately 44%of the sky. The epoch 2000 positions are typically accurate to 130 mas,the proper motions to 5.5 mas yr-1, and the V-J colors to0.25 mag. Relative proper motions of binary components are measured to 3mas yr-1. The false-identification rate is ~1% for11<~V<~18 and substantially less at brighter magnitudes. Theseimprovements permit the construction of a reduced proper-motion diagramthat, for the first time, allows one to classify NLTT stars intomain-sequence (MS) stars, subdwarfs (SDs), and white dwarfs (WDs). We inturn use this diagram to analyze the properties of both our catalog andthe NLTT catalog on which it is based. In sharp contrast to popularbelief, we find that NLTT incompleteness in the plane is almostcompletely concentrated in MS stars, and that SDs and WDs are detectedalmost uniformly over the sky δ>-33deg. Our catalogwill therefore provide a powerful tool to probe these populationsstatistically, as well as to reliably identify individual SDs and WDs.
| HIPPARCOS age-metallicity relation of the solar neighbourhood disc stars
We derive age-metallicity relations (AMRs) and orbital parameters forthe 1658 solar neighbourhood stars to which accurate distances aremeasured by the HIPPARCOS satellite. The sample stars comprise 1382 thindisc stars, 229 thick disc stars, and 47 halo stars according to theirorbital parameters. We find a considerable scatter for thin disc AMRalong the one-zone Galactic chemical evolution (GCE) model. Orbits andmetallicities of thin disc stars show now clear relation each other. Thescatter along the AMR exists even if the stars with the same orbits areselected. We examine simple extension of one-zone GCE models whichaccount for inhomogeneity in the effective yield and inhomogeneous starformation rate in the Galaxy. Both extensions of the one-zone GCE modelcannot account for the scatter in age - [Fe/H] - [Ca/Fe] relationsimultaneously. We conclude, therefore, that the scatter along the thindisc AMR is an essential feature in the formation and evolution of theGalaxy. The AMR for thick disc stars shows that the star formationterminated 8 Gyr ago in the thick disc. As already reported by Grattonet al. (\cite{Gratton_et.al.2000}) and Prochaska et al.(\cite{Prochaska_et.al.2000}), thick disc stars are more Ca-rich thanthin disc stars with the same [Fe/H]. We find that thick disc stars showa vertical abundance gradient. These three facts, the AMR, verticalgradient, and [Ca/Fe]-[Fe/H] relation, support monolithic collapseand/or accretion of satellite dwarf galaxies as likely thick discformation scenarios. Tables 2 and 3 are only available in electronicform at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5)or via http:/ /cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/ cgi-bin/qcat?J/ A+A/394/927
| Stroemgren photometry of F- and G-type stars brighter than V = 9.6. I. UVBY photometry
Within the framework of a large photometric observing program, designedto investigate the Galaxy's structure and evolution, Hβ photometryis being made for about 9000 stars. As a by-product, supplementary uvbyphotometry has been made. The results are presented in a cataloguecontaining 6924 uvby observations of 6190 stars, all south ofδ=+38deg. The overall internal rms errors of one observation(transformed to the standard system) of a program star in the interval6.5
| The integrated spectra of M32 and of 47 Tuc: A comparative study at high spectral resolution
Integrated spectra have been obtained for the elliptical galaxy M32 andfor the 'metal-rich' Galactic globular cluster 47 Tuc. The spectra coverthe wavelength interval lambda lambda 3800-4400 A at a resolution of 2.5A full width at half maximum (FWHM) and S/N ratio of approximately100:1. Similar data have been acquired for a library of 191 individualstars, and, to support the 47 Tuc observations, integrated spectra offour additional metal-rich Galactic globular clusters have beenobtained. These observations are used to compare in detail theintegrated spectra of M32 (the most extensively studied ellipticalgalaxy) and 47 Tuc (the best-studied metal-rich Galactic globularcluster). Although M32 and 47 Tuc have similar optical broadband colorsand overall spectral types, when viewed at 2.5 A resolution spectranumerous subtle differences between their integrated are clearlyvisible. A system of 13 spectral indices, many of them originallydefined in Rose (1984), has been used to quantify these differences.Altogether twelve diagnostic diagrams are presented to illustrate themanner in which the integrated spectrum of M32 differs from that of 47Tuc. These diagrams are used to place several strong constraints on thestellar populations in these two systems.
| Early type high-velocity stars in the solar neighborhood. IV - Four-color and H-beta photometry
Results are presented from photometric obaservations in the Stromgrenuvby four-color and H-beta systems of early-type high-velocity stars inthe solar neighborhood. Several types of photometrically peculiar starsare selected on the basis of their Stromgren indices and areprovisionally identified as peculiar A stars, field horizontal-branchstars, metal-poor stars near the Population II and old-disk turnoffs,metal-poor blue stragglers, or metallic-line A stars. Numerousphotometrically normal stars were also found.
| The vertical structure of our galaxy. I - Methods of quantitative objective prism spectroscopy
The methods employed to determine the spectral types and log g and Fe/Hvalues for Galactic F-K stars in the vertical-structure investigation ofRose and Agustinho (1991) are described in detail. IIaO objective-prismplates obtained with the Curtis Schmidt telescope at CTIO using a 10-degprism and a 135-A FWHM interference filter centered at 408 nm aredigitized, and three spectral indices defined by Rose (1984) aremeasured and used to calculate the desired parameters. Results fromtests of the accuracy of this method are presented, and it is shown thatreliable separation of G dwarfs from G giants/subgiants is possible downto B = 13.
| Red horizontal-branch stars in the galactic disk
A quantitative, three-dimensional spectral classification systemdeveloped by Rose (1984), which uses 2.5-A resolution spectra in theblue, has been used to identify a class of red horizontal branch (RHB)stars in the Galactic disk that are similar to those in the 'metal rich'globular cluster M 71. The RHB are denoted as evolved stars by their SrII 4077 line, and are distinguished from post-main sequence starsevolving through the same region of the HR diagram on the basis of theunique appearance of their CN 3883 and 4216 A bands. The RHB starsconsitute at least 5 percent of the entire giant branch population ofthe disk.
| Spectral anomalies in the Hyades and Pleiades and in field stars with active chromospheres
Widened photographic image-tube spectra at 50 A/mm dispersion have beenobtained for a large number of late-type field dwarfs and giants withwell-determined atmospheric parameters and for 35 Hyades dwarfs and 31Pleiades dwarfs. The observations and data analysis are discussed, and asummary of the quantitative spectral classification system is given.This system is used to compare the Hyades and Pleiades with field stars.The cluster stars are found to exhibit several anomalies with respect tothe field stars which are not readily explained either by abundance orsurface gravity peculiarities, or by the presence of cool starspots onthe strong Ca II emission stars, or by cool companions. It is proposedthat active regions on stars with strong Ca II emission reversals haveseriously affected many of the principal spectral lines.
| Early-type high-velocity stars in the solar neighborhood. III - Radial velocities, rotation indices, and line-strength indices for southern candidates
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1983AJ.....88.1349S&db_key=AST
| Early-type high-velocity stars in the solar neighborhood. II Photometry for 78 candidates
H-beta and four-color photometry are presented for 78 early-type,high-velocity star candidates consisting of: (1) 74 candidates listed ina previous paper; and (2) four candidates identified by Eggen (1970).All of the sample appears to be near the main sequence, with theexception of five of the AO-type stars that are probably on the fieldPopulation II horizontal branch. Almost one-third of the main-sequence Astars and nearly all of the F stars are seen as true high-velocityobjects, and several of the high-velocity F stars appear to have solarmetal abundances. The existence of young, metal-rich, high-velocitystars is supported by the data, and it is concluded that this populationmay contribute one A star to every thousand stars in the solarneighborhood.
| Early-type high-velocity stars in the solar neighborhood. I - List of candidates
Suspected nearby high-velocity stars of spectral types B and A areidentified by their proper motions, which are generally too small forthe stars to have been included in previous catalogs of high-velocitystars. The same selection process is then extended to spectral type Fstars, in order to both provide a companion sample and investigatewhether the hypothetical high-velocity, metal-rich population continuesto later spectral types. Of the presented list of 371 stars withconfirmed proper motions, 168 are of A and B spectral types. Photometricand spectroscopic observations of these stars are required to eliminatethose with misclassified spectra and convert proper motions into spacevelocities. The identification of type of stars is important forunderstanding apparent exceptions to the correlation between stellarages, metal abundances, and kinematic properties.
| A Catalogue of High-Velocity Stars.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1955ApJS....2..195R&db_key=AST
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Observation and Astrometry data
| Constellation: | Virgo |
| Right ascension: | 11h37m59.10s |
| Declination: | -01°35'58.0" |
| Apparent magnitude: | 7.618 |
| Distance: | 39.37 parsecs |
| Proper motion RA: | -304.2 |
| Proper motion Dec: | 132.1 |
| B-T magnitude: | 8.283 |
| V-T magnitude: | 7.673 |
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INHABITED SKY
