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New Times of Minima of Some Eclipsing Binary Stars
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| New CCD Times of Minima of Eclipsing Binary Systems
We present a total of 208 CCD timings for 103 eclipsing binaries.
| Activity-induced variability in SV Cam, RZ Tau and II Peg in winter 2004/2005
We report on a search for activity-induced variability in two eclipsingsystems SV Cam, RZ Tau and a single lined spectroscopic binary II Peg inthe winter season 2004/2005. The SV Cam system was modelled with twoactivity centers-spots on the primary cooler than the surroundingphotosphere with total spot coverage 20%. On the contrary, the RZTau system (its Roche lobe filling factor of order 0.42) displayssymmetric light curves and no O'Connell effect is detected. The shape ofthe II Peg light curve can not be matched easily with a single spotmodel. Instead, a two spot model (alternatively a non-uniform highlatitude spot complex) cooler than the photosphere can model theobserved light curves with spot coverage 10%.
| Contact Binaries with Additional Components. I. The Extant Data
We have attempted to establish observational evidence for the presenceof distant companions that may have acquired and/or absorbed angularmomentum during the evolution of multiple systems, thus facilitating orenabling the formation of contact binaries. In this preliminaryinvestigation we use several techniques (some of themdistance-independent) and mostly disregard the detection biases ofindividual techniques in an attempt to establish a lower limit to thefrequency of triple systems. While the whole sample of 151 contactbinary stars brighter than Vmax=10 mag gives a firm lowerlimit of 42%+/-5%, the corresponding number for the much better observednorthern-sky subsample is 59%+/-8%. These estimates indicate that mostcontact binary stars exist in multiple systems.
| A catalogue of eclipsing variables
A new catalogue of 6330 eclipsing variable stars is presented. Thecatalogue was developed from the General Catalogue of Variable Stars(GCVS) and its textual remarks by including recently publishedinformation about classification of 843 systems and making correspondingcorrections of GCVS data. The catalogue1 represents thelargest list of eclipsing binaries classified from observations.
| Automatic classification of eclipsing binaries light curves using neural networks
In this work we present a system for the automatic classification of thelight curves of eclipsing binaries. This system is based on aclassification scheme that aims to separate eclipsing binary systemsaccording to their geometrical configuration in a modified version ofthe traditional classification scheme. The classification is performedby a Bayesian ensemble of neural networks trained with Hipparcos data ofseven different categories including eccentric binary systems and twotypes of pulsating light curve morphologies.
| Astrophysics in 2004
In this 14th edition of ApXX,1 we bring you the Sun (§ 2) and Stars(§ 4), the Moon and Planets (§ 3), a truly binary pulsar(§ 5), a kinematic apology (§ 6), the whole universe(§§ 7 and 8), reconsideration of old settled (§ 9) andunsettled (§ 10) issues, and some things that happen only on Earth,some indeed only in these reviews (§§ 10 and 11).
| Kinematics of W Ursae Majoris type binaries and evidence of the two types of formation
We study the kinematics of 129 W UMa binaries and we discuss itsimplications on the contact binary evolution. The sample is found to beheterogeneous in the velocity space. That is, kinematically younger andolder contact binaries exist in the sample. A kinematically young (0.5Gyr) subsample (moving group) is formed by selecting the systems thatsatisfy the kinematical criteria of moving groups. After removing thepossible moving group members and the systems that are known to bemembers of open clusters, the rest of the sample is called the fieldcontact binary (FCB) group. The FCB group is further divided into fourgroups according to the orbital period ranges. Then, a correlation isfound in the sense that shorter-period less-massive systems have largervelocity dispersions than the longer-period more-massive systems.Dispersions in the velocity space indicate a 5.47-Gyr kinematical agefor the FCB group. Compared with the field chromospherically activebinaries (CABs), presumably detached binary progenitors of the contactsystems, the FCB group appears to be 1.61 Gyr older. Assuming anequilibrium in the formation and destruction of CAB and W UMa systems inthe Galaxy, this age difference is treated as an empirically deducedlifetime of the contact stage. Because the kinematical ages (3.21, 3.51,7.14 and 8.89 Gyr) of the four subgroups of the FCB group are muchlonger than the 1.61-Gyr lifetime of the contact stage, the pre-contactstages of the FCB group must dominantly be producing the largedispersions. The kinematically young (0.5 Gyr) moving group covers thesame total mass, period and spectral ranges as the FCB group. However,the very young age of this group does not leave enough room forpre-contact stages, and thus it is most likely that these systems wereformed in the beginning of the main sequence or during thepre-main-sequence contraction phase, either by a fission process or mostprobably by fast spiralling in of two components in a common envelope.
| Photoelectric Minima of Selected Eclipsing Binaries and Maxima of Pulsating Stars
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| New Times of Minima of Eclipsing Binary Stars
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| SV Cam spot activity in December 2003
We present the analysis of new BV light curves for the active star SVCam applying the Roche model with spotted areas on the hotter primarycomponent. Two spots at medium latitudes and covering about 14% of thestellar surface were revealed. Both are 1000 K cooler than thesurrounding photosphere. The comparison with earlier seasons (2000-2003)suggests that the spots probably evolved in area longitude and latitude.Both tidal effect and activity cycle mechanisms may be in action.
| On the properties of contact binary stars
We have compiled a catalogue of light curve solutions of contact binarystars. It contains the results of 159 light curve solutions. Theproperties of contact binary stars were studied using the cataloguedata. As is well known since Lucy's (\cite{Lucy68a},b) and Mochnacki's(\cite{Mochnacki81}) studies, primary components transfer their ownenergy to the secondary star via the common envelope around the twostars. This transfer was parameterized by a transfer parameter (ratio ofthe observed and intrinsic luminosities of the primary star). We provethat this transfer parameter is a simple function of the mass andluminosity ratios. We introduced a new type of contact binary stars: Hsubtype systems which have a large mass ratio (q>0.72). These systemsshow behaviour in the luminosity ratio- transfer parameter diagram thatis very different from that of other systems and according to ourresults the energy transfer rate is less efficient in them than in othertypes of contact binary stars. We also show that different types ofcontact binaries have well defined locations on the mass ratio -luminosity ratio diagram. Several contact binary systems do not followLucy's relation (L2/L1 =(M2/M1)0.92). No strict mass ratio -luminosity ratio relation of contact binary stars exists.Tables 2 and 3 are available in electronic form athttp://www.edpsciences.org
| Period Changes of Two W UMa-Type Contact Binaries: RW Comae Berenices and CC Comae Berenices
From the present times of minimum light and those collected from theliterature, changes in the orbital period of the two W UMa-type contactbinaries RW Com and CC Com are analyzed. The results reveal that theperiod changes of these two systems show the same natures, with ashort-term oscillation superposed on the secular decrease. For RW Com,its period shows a secular decrease at a rate ofdP/dt=0.43×10-7 days yr-1. An oscillationwith a periodicity of 13.7 yr and an amplitude ofΔP=5.4×10-7 days is superposed on the seculardecrease. For CC Com, its period shows a secular decrease at a rate ofdP/dt=0.40×10-7 days yr-1. An oscillationwith a periodicity of 16.1 yr and an amplitude ofΔP=2.8×10-7 days is superposed on the seculardecrease. The period secular decreases of the two systems may beexplained by a mass-transfer rate of dm/dt=0.29×10-7Msolar yr-1 for RW Com anddm/dt=0.52×10-7 Msolar yr-1 forCC Com. The period short-term oscillations of the two systems may beexplained by the magnetic activity cycle model given by Applegate, andthe parameters for the magnetic activity cycle model are presented.
| CCD Minima for Selected Eclipsing Binaries in 2002
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| Catalogue of the field contact binary stars
A catalogue of 361 galactic contact binaries is presented. Listedcontact binaries are divided into five groups according to the type andquality of the available observations and parameters. For all systemsthe ephemeris for the primary minimum, minimum and maximum visualbrightness and equatorial coordinates are given. If available,photometric elements, (m1+m2)sin3i,spectral type, parallax and magnitude of the O'Connell effect are alsogiven. Photometric data for several systems are augmented by newobservations. The quality of the available data is assessed and systemsrequiring modern light-curve solutions are selected. Selectedstatistical properties of the collected data are discussed.
| RZ Tauri: An Unstable W Ursae Majoris Binary with a Magnetically Active Component
New BV light curves and photometric solutions for the W Ursae Majorisbinary RZ Tauri (spectral type F0) are presented. The light curvesappear to exhibit a typical O'Connell effect, with primary maximum being0.023 mag (V) and 0.030 mag (B) brighter than secondary maximum. Fromthe present times of minimum light and those collected from theliterature, the changes in the orbital period of the system areanalyzed. The results suggest that the orbital period of RZ Taucontinuously increases at a rate of dp/p=1.10×10-10 andthat a short-term wavelike variation with an amplitude ofΔP=3.8×10-6 days and a period ofPmod=60 yr are superposed on the secular increase. Theorbital period increase may be explained by mass transfer from the lessmassive to the more massive component at a rate ofΔm/Δt=8.81×10-8 Msolaryr-1, and the short-term oscillations may be due to magneticactivity on the secondary component. The present light curves and theradial velocity curves obtained by Struve et al. in 1950 were analyzedby means of the latest version of the Wilson-Devinney code. The resultssuggest that RZ Tau is an A-subtype W UMa contact binary with a massratio of 0.379. The asymmetry of the light curves may be explained by acool spot on the secondary component. The basic parameters of the systemare be found to be M1=1.70+/-0.16 Msolar,M2=0.64+/-0.06 Msolar, R1=1.56+/-0.07Rsolar, R2=1.04+/-0.05 Rsolar,L1=6.19+/-0.61 Lsolar, andL2=2.60+/-0.27 Lsolar.
| Orbital period changes of contact binary systems: direct evidence for thermal relaxation oscillation theory
Orbital period changes of ten contact binary systems (S Ant, ɛCrA, EF Dra, UZ Leo, XZ Leo, TY Men, V566 Oph, TY Pup, RZ Tau and AGVir) are studied based on the analysis of their O-C curves. It isdiscovered that the periods of the six systems, S Ant, ɛ CrA, EFDra, XZ Leo, TY Men and TY Pup, show secular increases. For UZ Leo, itssecular period increase rate is revised. For the three systems, V566Oph, RZ Tau and AG Vir, weak evidence is presented that a periodicoscillation (with periods of 20.4, 28.5 and 40.9yr respectively) issuperimposed on a secular period increase. The cyclic period changes canbe explained by the presence of an unseen third body in the threesystems. All the sample stars studied are contact binaries withM1>=1.35Msolar. Furthermore, orbital periodchanges of 27 hot contact binaries have been checked. It is found that,apart from AW UMa with the lowest mass ratio (q=0.072), none shows anorbital period decrease. The relatively weak magnetic activity in thehotter contact binaries means little angular momentum loss (AML) fromthe systems via magnetic stellar winds. The period increases of these WUMa binaries can be explained by mass transfer from the secondary to theprimary components, which is in agreement with the prediction of thethermal relaxation oscillation (TRO) models. This suggests that theevolution of a hotter W UMa star is mainly controlled by TRO. On theother hand, for a cooler W UMa star(M1<=1.35Msolar), its evolution may be TRO plusAML, which coincides with the recent results of Qian.
| CCD Minima of Selected Eclipsing Binaries in 2000
This report presents minima timings of selected eclipsing binaries
| Stars with the Largest Hipparcos Photometric Amplitudes
A list of the 2027 stars that have the largest photometric amplitudes inHipparcos Photometry shows that most variable stars are all Miras. Thepercentage of variable types change as a function of amplitude. Thiscompilation should also be of value to photometrists looking forrelatively unstudied, but large amplitude stars.
| A CCD Photometric Study of the Contact Binary V396 Monocerotis
Complete BV light curves of the W Ursae Majoris binary V396 Mon arepresented. The present CCD photometric observations reveal that thelight curves of the system are obviously asymmetric, with the primarymaximum brighter than the secondary maximum (the ``O'Connell effect'').The light curves are analyzed by means of the latest version of theWilson-Devinney code. The results show that V396 Mon is a W-subtype WUMa contact binary with a mass ratio of 0.402. The asymmetry of thelight curves is explained by a cool spot on the secondary component. Thenature of the overluminosity of the secondary of a W UMa-type system isanalyzed. It is shown that the overluminosity of the secondary isclearly related to the mass of the primary and that, for a W UMa system,the higher the mass of the primary, the greater the overluminosity ofthe secondary. In addition, the overluminosity of the secondary is alsorelated to its own density: the lower the density of the secondary, thegreater its overluminosity.
| ROSAT all-sky survey of W Ursae Majoris stars and the problem of supersaturation
From ROSAT all-sky survey (RASS) data we obtained X-ray fluxes for 57 WUMa type contact systems. In our sample we detected three stars whichare the shortest period main sequence binaries ever found as X-raysources. For stars with (B-V)_0 < 0.6 the normalized X-ray fluxdecreases with a decreasing color index but for (B-V)_0 > 0.6 aplateau is reached, similar to the saturation level observed for single,rapidly rotating stars. The X-ray flux of W UMa stars is about 4-5 timesweaker than that of the fastest rotating single stars. Because earlytype, low activity variables have longer periods, an apparentperiod-activity relation is seen among our stars, while cool stars with(B-V)_0 > 0.6 and rotation periods between 0.23 and 0.45 days do notshow any such relation. The lower X-ray emission of the single, ultrafast rotators (UFRs) and W UMa stars is interpreted as the result of adecreased coronal filling factor. The physical mechanisms responsiblefor the decreased surface coverage differs for UFRs and W UMa systems.For UFRs we propose strong polar updrafts within a convection zone,driven by nonuniform heating from below. The updrafts should beaccompanied by large scale poleward flows near the bottom of theconvective layer and equatorward flows in the surface layers. The flowsdrag dynamo generated fields toward the poles and create a field-freeequatorial region with a width depending on the stellar rotation rate.For W UMa stars we propose that a large scale horizontal flow embracingboth stars will prevent the magnetic field from producing long-livedstructures filled with hot X-ray emitting plasma. The decreased activityof the fastest rotating UFRs increases the angular momentum loss timescale of stars in a supersaturated state. Thus the existence of a periodcutoff and a limiting mass of W UMa stars can be naturally explained.
| Catalogue of Apparent Diameters and Absolute Radii of Stars (CADARS) - Third edition - Comments and statistics
The Catalogue, available at the Centre de Données Stellaires deStrasbourg, consists of 13 573 records concerning the results obtainedfrom different methods for 7778 stars, reported in the literature. Thefollowing data are listed for each star: identifications, apparentmagnitude, spectral type, apparent diameter in arcsec, absolute radiusin solar units, method of determination, reference, remarks. Commentsand statistics obtained from CADARS are given. The Catalogue isavailable in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp tocdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcar?J/A+A/367/521
| Analysis of a Newly Identified Variable Star in Aquarius
This experiment was designed to plot the light curves of four variablestar condidates of an intermediary magnitude range in order to determineif any were variables, and if so, what type(s). Research was done usingtwo 24" telescopes, located at Mt. Wilson and Table Mountain. One star(R.A. 21h 43m 54.205s, Decl. -00º 13' 40.12" (2000) wasfound to be variable, and the data indicate it is a W Ursae Majoris-typeeclipsing binary.
| Photoelectric Minima of Selected Eclipsing Binaries and Maxima of Pulsating Stars
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| A photometric study of the W UMa-type system RZ Tauri
The present study deals with the problem of the orbital and physicalparameters' estimation of the W UMa type eclipsing binary RZ Tauri,based on the interpretation of new photometric U B V R observations. Thelight curves obtained at the Maidanak Observatory during 1989-91 show aslight asymmetry around secondary minima and the small difference in theheight of the successive maxima. They are analysed in the framework ofthe Roche computer model (Djurašević, \cite{Djurasevica})by applying the inverse-problem method (Djurašević,\cite{Djurasevicb}) based on Marquardt's (\cite{Marquardt}) algorithm.The analysis shows that RZ Tau system is in an overcontact configurationwith q=m_2/m_1break ~ 0.362 and i=82(o.8) , generating total-annulareclipses. The best fitting is achieved with a bright active region onthe secondary star, placed near the neck region between the components,with the temperature contrast between the spotted area and thesurrounding photosphere being A_S=T_S/T_2 ~ 1.070. The spectral type ofthis system (F0 V) defines its behaviour as being between convective andradiative. Because of that we treated the gravity-darkening coefficientsas free parameters in the inverse problem. The obtained value (beta_{1,2} ~ 0.215) is like to be appropriate for this case, showing that thecommon envelope of RZ Tauri is partly convective. The basic parametersof the system and of the active region are estimated for all individualU, B, V and R light curves. The data are available in electronic form atthe CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.70.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| Photoelectric Minima of Selected Eclipsing Binaries
Not Available
| An observational approach for the determination of gravity darkening in contact binaries of W UMa type
A new method for the determination of the gravity darkening exponents inclose binaries of W UMa type is presented. The method is based onKopal's method of Fourier analysis of the light changes of eclipsingvariables in the Frequency Domain. In the analysis, the exponents forboth components of a W UMa system are assumed to be the same. First, themethod was successfully applied to two theoretical (test) light curves,belonging to two systems with radiative and convective envelopes,respectively. Then the method was applied to 36 W UMa systems for whichgeometric and photometric elements have been derived by the mostpowerful techniques. Systems showing large light curve anomalies wereexcluded from the analysis, since the effectiveness of the methoddepends strongly on the quality of the observations. Our results confirmthe previous results with the assumed, same geometrical parameters.Thederived values of the gravity darkening exponents are very close to thepredicted ones by the existing theory of radiative transfer orconvective equilibrium.
| RZ Tauri: New Light Curves and Analysis
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1997AJ....114.2145M&db_key=AST
| On the nature of the AM phenomenon or on a stabilization and the tidal mixing in binaries. I. Orbital periods and rotation.
The paper casts a questioning eye on the unique role of the diffusiveparticle transport mechanism in explaining the Am phenomenon and arguesthat the so-called tidal effects might be of great importance incontrolling diffusion processes. A short period cutoff at =~1.2d as wellas a 180-800d gap were found in the orbital period distribution (OPD) ofAm binaries. The existence of the former can be ascribed to the state ofthe primaries with the almost-filled Roche lobes. The latter couldresult from the combined effects of the diffusion, tidal mixing andstabilization processes. Because the tidal mixing might surpassdiffusion in the binaries with the orbital periods P_orb_ less thanseveral hundred days and might thus sustain the He convection zone,which would otherwise disappear, no Am stars should lie below thisboundary. The fact that they are nevertheless seen there implies theexistence of some stabilization mechanism (as, e.g., that recentlyproposed by Tassoul & Tassoul 1992) for the binaries with orbitalperiods less than 180d. Further evidence is given to the fact that theOPD for the Am and the normal binaries with an A4-F1 primary arecomplementary to each other, from which it stems that Am stars are closeto the main sequence. There are, however, indications that they haveslightly larger radii (2.1-3 Rsun_) than expected for theirspectral type. The generally accepted rotational velocity cutoff at=~100km/s is shown to be of little value when applied on Am binaries ashere it is not a single quantity but, in fact, a function of P_orb_whose shape is strikingly similar to that of the curves of constantmetallicity as ascertained from observations. This also leads to thewell known overlap in rotational velocities of the normal and Am starsfor 402.5d.We have exploited this empirical cutoff function to calibrate thecorresponding turbulent diffusion coefficient associated with tidalmixing, having found out that the computed form of the lines of constantturbulence fits qualitatively the empirical shape of the curves ofconstant metallicity. As for larger orbital periods(20d55km/s found by Burkhart(1979) would then be nothing but a manifestation of insufficientlypopulated corresponding area of larger P_orb_.
| The properties of W Ursae Majoris contact binaries: new results and old problems.
The physical properties of W UMa binary systems are revisited on thebasis of the observational data published in the last decade and of therecent theoretical studies on angular-momentum-loss-driven secularevolution. The absolute elements (masses, radii, luminosities) arederived by an inference method and a calibration based on the availablehigh quality spectroscopic orbits. The derived age (8Gy) agrees with theestimate of Guinan and Bradstreet from space motions. The analysis ofthe resulting physical parameters shows little correlation between thestandard classification in A and W subtype (first proposed by Binnendijk(1970) and only related to the light curve morphology) and theevolutionary status and origin of the systems. Most A-subtype systemsseem to have no evolutionary link with W-subtype ones. The relationbetween total mass and mass ratio for the "bona fide" sample alsosuggests that mass loss from the system may play an important role.
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Observation and Astrometry data
| Constellation: | Taurus |
| Right ascension: | 04h36m37.66s |
| Declination: | +18°45'17.8" |
| Apparent magnitude: | 10.201 |
| Proper motion RA: | -27.4 |
| Proper motion Dec: | -6.6 |
| B-T magnitude: | 10.925 |
| V-T magnitude: | 10.261 |
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INHABITED SKY
