Rapidly Rotating Lithium-rich K Giants: The New Case of the Giant PDS 365
PDS 365 is a newly detected, rapidly rotating (vsini=20 kms-1), single, low-mass giant star that with HD 233517 and HD219025 forms a remarkable ensemble of single K giants with the uniqueproperties of rapid rotation, very strong Li lines, an asymmetricalHα profile, and a large far-infrared excess. Their vsini valuesare between 18 and 23 km s-1, and their LTE Li abundances,logɛ(Li), are between 2.9 and 3.9. Detailed analysis of PDS 365reveals it to be a ~1 Msolar giant with a value of12C/13C approximately equal to 12. A clearrelation between high rotational velocities and very high Li abundancesfor K giant stars is found only when asymmetrical Hα profiles andlarge far-infrared excesses are present. If we consider single K giants,we find that among rapid (vsini>=8 km s-1) rotators, avery large proportion (~50%) are Li-rich giants. This proportion is incontrast with a very low proportion (~2%) of Li-rich stars among themuch more common slowly rotating K giants. This striking difference isdiscussed in terms of proposed mechanisms for Li enrichment.
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Long-term monitoring of active stars. IX. Photometry collected in 1993
As a part of an extensive program focused on the global properties andevolution of active stars, high-precision UBV(RI)_c and UBV photometryof 31 selected stars is presented. The UBV(RI)_c observations werecollected at the European Southern Observatory over the 31 December1992-18 January 1993 and the 20 November-3 December 1993 intervals.Additional UBV photometry obtained by the ``Phoenix" and by the CataniaAstrophysical Observatory Automatic Photoelectric Telescopes from 1990to 1993 is also presented for some of the program stars. Significantevolution of the light curves, period variations and evidence forlong-term variability of the global degree of spottedness are found.Some spectral classifications are revised and the inferred photometricparallaxes are compared, whenever possible, with the values measured bythe Hipparcos satellite. These observations are finalized to theconstruction of an extended photometric database, which can giveimportant clues on topics such as the stability of spotted areas,differential rotation, solar-like cycles and the correlation betweeninhomogeneities at different atmospheric levels. Based on data collectedat the European Southern Observatory, La Silla, Chile. Tables and thecomplete data set are also available in electronic form at the CDS viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/367/910
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A catalog of rotational and radial velocities for evolved stars
Rotational and radial velocities have been measured for about 2000evolved stars of luminosity classes IV, III, II and Ib covering thespectral region F, G and K. The survey was carried out with the CORAVELspectrometer. The precision for the radial velocities is better than0.30 km s-1, whereas for the rotational velocity measurementsthe uncertainties are typically 1.0 km s-1 for subgiants andgiants and 2.0 km s-1 for class II giants and Ib supergiants.These data will add constraints to studies of the rotational behaviourof evolved stars as well as solid informations concerning the presenceof external rotational brakes, tidal interactions in evolved binarysystems and on the link between rotation, chemical abundance and stellaractivity. In this paper we present the rotational velocity v sin i andthe mean radial velocity for the stars of luminosity classes IV, III andII. Based on observations collected at the Haute--Provence Observatory,Saint--Michel, France and at the European Southern Observatory, LaSilla, Chile. Table \ref{tab5} also available in electronic form at CDSvia anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
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Rotational Velocities of Late-Type Stars
A calibration based on the results of Gray has been used to determineprojected rotational velocities for 133 bright stars with spectral typesof F, G, or K, most of which appear in {\it The Bright Star Catalogue}.The vast majority have {\it v} sin {\it i} $\leq$ 10 km s$^{-1}$ and,thus, are slow rotators. With the new calibration, projected rotationalvelocities have been determined for a sample of 111 late-type stars,most of which are chromospherically active. Some of the stars have hadtheir rotational velocities measured for the first time. (SECTION:Stars)
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Radio continuum emission from stars: a catalogue update.
An updated version of my catalogue of radio stars is presented. Somestatistics and availability are discussed.
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The active dynamo stars: RS CVn, BY Dra, FK Com, Algol, W UMa, and T Tau
Not Available
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Lithium and rapid rotation in chromospherically active single giants
The rotational velocities presently obtained via spectroscopicobservations of a group of moderately rapidly rotating, chomosphericallyactive single giants indicate that Gray's (1989) rotostat hypothesisrequires modification. Their rapid rotation appears to be due to high Liabundances, and results in increased chromospheric activity. A scenariois projected in which the surface convection zone reaches the rapidlyrotating core just as a star begins its first ascent of the giantbranch, and dredges both high angular momentum material and freshlysynthesized Li to the surface.
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Lithium in Rs-Canum Binaries and Related Chromospherically Active Stars - Part Two - Spectrum Synthesis Analysis
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1993A&A...273..194R&db_key=AST
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Long-term monitoring of active stars. II - UBV(RI)c observations at ESO during January-March 1989
In the framework of a research program focusing on the global propertiesand evolution of photospheres and outer atmospheres of active stars, theauthor presents high-precision UBV(RI)c photometry of 15 selected RSCVn, BY Dra, and FK Com-type systems observed at the European SouthernObservatory (La Silla, Chile) in the period January-March 1989.Significant evolution both in amplitude and shape of the wave-like lightcurves is found with respect to previous observations. Evidence forlong-term variability for most of the observed stars is also presented,and some of the spectral classifications are rediscussed.
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Lithium in RS CVn binaries and related chromospherically active stars. I - Observational results
The present survey of the Li I 6708 A line in a sample of spectral typeG and K stars with luminosity classes III, IV, and V shows that manyK-type stars in the sample, including a large number of RS CVn binaries,show an anomalously high Li abundance relative to typical inactive starsof the same spectral type. Only a few stars in the sample are likely tobe premain sequence objects of stars which have recently arrived on themain sequence. Mechanisms that could lead to the enhanced Li absorptionin chromospherically active stars are discussed; these encompass largecool spots on the stellar surface, the production of Li in stellarflares by spallation reactions, and the evolution from main-sequenceprogenitors without, or with very shallow, outer convective zones.
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UBVRI observations of southern hemisphere active stars. II - 1987 data
Results are presented on high-precision UBV (RI)c photometricobservations of 13 southern-hemisphere RS CVn, BY Dra, and FK Com-typevariable stars, carried out in December 1987 at the European SouthernObservatory at La Silla (Chile). Compared with previous observations,significant changes of the light curves were detected, both in amplitudeand shape.
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Photometry of 50 suspected variable stars
Fifty stars have been chosen as suspected variable stars and analyzedfor variability. A large portion of this sample are stars that areeither proved active chromosphere stars or are candidates for suchactivity. The photometric data base consists of differential Vmeasurements of the Vanderbilt 16 inch (41 cm) automatic photoelectrictelescope and 25 observers at 26 observatories worldwide. Publishedphotometric data have also been utilized, with proper adjustments madeto ensure that all magnitudes are differential. Searches for photometricperiod, amplitudes, and times of minimum light showed 68 percent of thesample to be photometrically variable with periods found for 34. Twostars were deemed norvariable for the period of observation. Conclusivestatements could not be made concerning the photometric variability ofthe 14 remaining stars.
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The 69th Name-List of Variable Stars
Not Available
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Lithium and chromospherically active single giants
Nine chromospherically active single K giants were identified fromsurveys of chromospherically active stars. The stars have v sin i'sranging from 6 to 46 km/sec. Such large velocities are not explained byscenarios of main sequence to giant star evolution. Fluxes of theultraviolet emission lines of these stars are substantially less thanthose of FK Comae. Many of these giants have a moderate or stronglithium line strongly suggesting that these stars recently evolved fromrapidly rotating A or early F stars as is suggested by their spacemotions. Thus, they are not spun down FK Com stars. The characteristicsof these stars are such that they may be confused with pre-main sequencestars. The primary difference may be that the post main sequence starshave strong H alpha absorption lines while the pre-main sequence starsappear to have a weak H alpha absorption line or possibly H alpha inemission above the continuum.
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UBV(RI)c photometry for CaII emission stars. I - Observations at Sutherland
Extensive photometry in the UBV(RI)c system is given for 55 stars withstrong Ca II H and K emission. The UBV observations were made relativeto the standard stars of Lloyd Evans et al. (1983) while the (RI)cobservations were made relative to E-region standards over greaterangular distances. The data are plotted in phase diagrams.
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Radial velocities of calcium emission stars. I - Observations at Sutherland
Radial velocities are presented for 53 bright late-type stars withemission in the H and K lines of Ca II, which is indicative of a highlevel of chromospheric activity. Most of the stars are spectroscopicbinaries, for which orbital elements are presented.
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Observations of active stars at 843 MHz
The Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope is being used in ancontinuing program of observation of known Southern active stars. By May1987, a total of 41 stars had been observed, and 843-MHz quiescentemission, presumably associated with the star, had been detected in nineinstances. The emission from five of these stars has shown markedvariation on a time scale over 1 day.
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A microwave survey of southern active stars
The results of a survey of 153 active-chromosphere stars made with theParkes 64-m telescope at 5.0/8.4 GHz from 1981 to 1987 are reported.Microwave emission was detected from 70 stars on at least one occasion,with the highest detection rate of 68 percent from the RS CVn group. TheCa II stars and Algol-type binaries yielded detection rates of 44 and 30percent, respectively. The maximum powers emitted by the stars at5.0/8.4 GHz ranged over five orders of magnitude, with a median of 2.5 x10 to the 10th W/Hz. The maximum brightness temperatures had a smallerrange of three orders of magnitude, with a median of 3.6 x 10 to the 9thK.
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The dependence of ultraviolet chromospheric emission upon rotation among late-type stars
Integrated fluxes of chromospheric and transition region emission lineshave been measured from low-resolution IUE spectra, obtained between1981 and 1985, of a large number of chromospherically active stars. Itis found that chromospherically active stars of the same R(C IV) show aspread in rotation rate that is as large as that of dwarf stars at fixedR(C IV) and that is correlated with spectral type. The UV emission ofthe active chromospheric stars decreases in strength with decliningrotation rate, but shows little dependence upon rotation withinindividual luminosity classes. It is suggested that the lack ofdifferences noted between rotation-activity relations for single, slowlyrotating dwarf stars is due to the monotonic increase of both theaverage Rossby number and the average rotation period with laterspectral type along the main sequence.
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Rapidly rotating single late-type giants: New FK Comae stars?
A group of rapidly rotating single late-type giants was found fromsurveys of chromospherically active stars. These stars have V sin I'sranging from 6 to 46 km/sec, modest ultraviolet emission line fluxes,and strong H alpha absorption lines. Although certainlychromospherically active, their characteristics are much less extremethan those of FK Com and one or two other similar systems. One possibleexplanation for the newly identified systems is that they have evolvedfrom stars similar to FK Com. The chromospheric activity and rotation ofsingle giant stars like FK Com would be expected to decrease with timeas they do in single dwarfs. Alternatively, this newly identified groupmay have evolved from single rapidly rotating A, or early F stars.
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E. W. Fick Observatory stellar radial velocity measurements. I - 1976-1984
Stellar radial velocity observations made with the large vacuumhigh-dispersion photoelectric radial velocity spectrometer at FickObservatory are reported. This includes nearly 2000 late-type starsobserved during 585 nights. Gradual modifications to this instrumentover its first eight years of operation have reduced the observationalerror for high-quality dip observations to + or - 0.8 km/s.
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A survey of chromospherically active stars
Photometric and/or spectroscopic observations have been obtained of 52late-type stars which are suspected or known to be chromosphericallyactive. Although not all types of observations were obtained for eachstar, these observations include all-sky BVRI Johnson photometry,ultraviolet spectrograms, low-dispersion blue-wavelength spectrograms,and high-dispersion red-wavelength spectrograms. From the spectroscopicobservations v sin i's, radial velocities, and the appearance of the CaII H and K emission lines have been determined as well as the H-alphaline. The photometric observations indicate that chromosphericallyactive stars have V - R and V - I color excesses. Such excesses willaffect the surface fluxes determined with the surface brightness-colorrelationship. On the other hand all-sky BVRI photometry appears to be anexcellent way to identify chromospherically active stars. A small groupof moderately rapidly rotating, possibly single G8-K2 giants has beenfound. These stars have very modest chromospheric activity and so arenot FK comae stars. A number of other unusual chromospherically activestars are identified.
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Local photometric standards for CaII emission stars
UBV data are given for 108 stars which are suitable local standards for52 stars with strong Ca2 emissions. An additional eight stars wererejected as possible standards because of suspected variability.
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The light curve parameters of photoelectrically observed galactic Cepheids
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1971A&AS....4..265S&db_key=AST
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INHABITED SKY
