Observational constraints for lithium depletion before the RGB
Precise Li abundances are determined for 54 giant stars mostly evolvingacross the Hertzsprung gap. We combine these data with rotationalvelocity and with information related to the deepening of the convectivezone of the stars to analyse their link to Li dilution in the referredspectral region. A sudden decline in Li abundance paralleling the onealready established in rotation is quite clear. Following similarresults for other stellar luminosity classes and spectral regions, thereis no linear relation between Li abundance and rotation, in spite of thefact that most of the fast rotators present high Li content. The effectsof convection in driving the Li dilution is also quite clear. Stars withhigh Li content are mostly those with an undeveloped convective zone,whereas stars with a developed convective zone present clear sign of Lidilution.Based on observations collected at ESO, La Silla, Chile, and at theObservatoire de Haute Provence, France, operated by the Centre Nationalde la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS).
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Kinematics of Hipparcos Visual Binaries. II. Stars with Ground-Based Orbital Solutions
This paper continues kinematical investigations of the Hipparcos visualbinaries with known orbits. A sample, consisting of 804 binary systemswith orbital elements determined from ground-based observations, isselected. The mean relative error of their parallaxes is about 12% andthe mean relative error of proper motions is about 4%. However, even 41%of the sample stars lack radial velocity measurements. The computedGalactic velocity components and other kinematical parameters are usedto divide the stars with known radial velocities into kinematical agegroups. The majority (92%) of binaries from the sample are thin diskstars, 7.6% have thick disk kinematics and only two binaries have halokinematics. Among them, the long-period variable Mira Ceti has a verydiscordant {Hipparcos} and ground-based parallax values. From the wholesample, 60 stars are ascribed to the thick disk and halo population.There is an urgent need to increase the number of the identified halobinaries with known orbits and substantially improve the situation withradial velocity data for stars with known orbits.
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Spectral Classification of the Hot Components of a Large Sample of Stars with Composite Spectra, and Implication for the Absolute Magnitudes of the Cool Supergiant Components.
A sample of 135 stars with composite spectra has been observed in thenear-UV spectral region with the Aurélie spectrograph at theObservatoire de Haute-Provence. Using the spectral classifications ofthe cool components previously determined with near infrared spectra, weobtained reliable spectral types of the hot components of the samplesystems. The hot components were isolated by the subtraction methodusing MK standards as surrogates of the cool components. We also derivedthe visual magnitude differences between the components usingWillstrop's normalized stellar flux ratios. We propose a photometricmodel for each of these systems on the basis of our spectroscopic dataand the Hipparcos data. We bring to light a discrepancy for the Gsupergiant primaries between the visual absolute magnitudes deduced fromHipparcos parallaxes and those tabulated by Schmidt-Kaler for the GIbstars: we propose a scale of Mv-values for these stars incomposite systems. By way of statistics, about 75% of the hot componentsare dwarf or subgiant stars, and 25% should be giants. The distributionin spectral types is as follows: 41% of B-type components, 57% of typeA, and 2% of type F; 68% of the hot components have a spectral type inthe range B7 to A2. The distribution of the ΔMv-valuesshows a maximum near 0.75 mag.
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Speckle Observations of Composite Spectrum Stars with PISCO in 1993-1998
We present speckle interferometry observations of 47 composite spectrumstars obtained between 1993 and 1998 at the Pic du Midi Observatory withthe PISCO speckle camera. 76% of over 150 independent 10 minutesequences of observations led to a companion detection. Binary componentangular separations ranged from 0.05" to 1.2". We also obtained a seriesof 23 measurements of an additional nine close binaries. PISCOobservations confirm, for the first time since their discovery, theduplicity of HD 29104 (L4), HD 83808 (WGT 1Aa), HD 183912 Aa' (BON Ap),and HD 156729 (HR 6436). Discovered as double by Hipparcos, theparticularly difficult to resolve HD 156729 was observed despite thelarge magnitude difference, Δm=4.2, between its two components.Based on observations made with the Télescope Bernard Lyot at Picdu Midi Observatory, France.
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ICCD Speckle Observations of Binary Stars. XXIII. Measurements during 1982-1997 from Six Telescopes, with 14 New Orbits
We present 2017 observations of 1286 binary stars, observed by means ofspeckle interferometry using six telescopes over a 15 year period from1982 April to 1997 June. These measurements constitute the 23dinstallment in CHARA's speckle program at 2 to 4 m class telescopes andinclude the second major collection of measurements from the MountWilson 100 inch (2.5 m) Hooker Telescope. Orbital elements are alsopresented for 14 systems, seven of which have had no previouslypublished orbital analyses.
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A catalog of rotational and radial velocities for evolved stars
Rotational and radial velocities have been measured for about 2000evolved stars of luminosity classes IV, III, II and Ib covering thespectral region F, G and K. The survey was carried out with the CORAVELspectrometer. The precision for the radial velocities is better than0.30 km s-1, whereas for the rotational velocity measurementsthe uncertainties are typically 1.0 km s-1 for subgiants andgiants and 2.0 km s-1 for class II giants and Ib supergiants.These data will add constraints to studies of the rotational behaviourof evolved stars as well as solid informations concerning the presenceof external rotational brakes, tidal interactions in evolved binarysystems and on the link between rotation, chemical abundance and stellaractivity. In this paper we present the rotational velocity v sin i andthe mean radial velocity for the stars of luminosity classes IV, III andII. Based on observations collected at the Haute--Provence Observatory,Saint--Michel, France and at the European Southern Observatory, LaSilla, Chile. Table \ref{tab5} also available in electronic form at CDSvia anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
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Classification of Population II Stars in the Vilnius Photometric System. II. Results
The results of photometric classification of 848 true and suspectedPopulation II stars, some of which were found to belong to Population I,are presented. The stars were classified using a new calibrationdescribed in Paper I (Bartkevicius & Lazauskaite 1996). We combinethese results with our results from Paper I and discuss in greaterdetail the following groups of stars: UU Herculis-type stars and otherhigh-galactic-latitude supergiants, field red horizontal-branch stars,metal-deficient visual binaries, metal-deficient subgiants, stars fromthe Catalogue of Metal-deficient F--M Stars Classified Photometrically(MDPH; Bartkevicius 1993) and stars from one of the HIPPARCOS programs(Bartkevicius 1994a). It is confirmed that high galactic latitudesupergiants from the Bartaya (1979) catalog are giants or even dwarfs.Some stars, identified by Rose (1985) and Tautvaisiene (1996a) as fieldRHB stars, appear to be ordinary giants according to our classification.Some of the visual binaries studied can be considered as physical pairs.Quite a large fraction of stars from the MDPH catalog are found to havesolar metallicity. A number of new possible UU Herculis-type stars, RHBstars and metal-deficient subgiants are identified.
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ICCD Speckle Observations of Binary Stars. XVII. Measurements During 1993-1995 From the Mount Wilson 2.5-M Telescope.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1997AJ....114.1639H&db_key=AST
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ICCD Speckle Observations of Binary Stars. XVI. Measurements During 1982-1989 from the Perkins 1.8-M Telescope.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1997AJ....114.1623F&db_key=AST
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Spectral classifications in the near infrared of stars with composite spectra. II. Study of a sample of 180 stars
A sample of 180 supposedly composite-spectrum stars has been studied onthe basis of spectra obtained in the near infrared (8370-8780 Angstroms)at a dispersion of 33 Anstroms/mm. The objective was to study the coolercomponents of the systems. Of our sample, 120 are true compositespectra, 35 are hot spectra of types B, F and 25 are Am stars. We find astrong concentration of the cooler components of the composite spectraaround G8III. In view of the difficulty of classifying compositespectra, because of the super position of an early type dwarf and a latetype giant or supergiant spectrum, we have made several tests to controlthe classification based upon the infrared region. Since all tests gavepositive results, we conclude that our classifications can be consideredas being both reliable and homogeneous. Table \ref{tab1} is alsoavailable electronically at the CDS via anonymous ftp 130.79.128.5 orhttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstracts.html} Based upon observationscarried out at Observatoire de Haute-Provence (CNRS).
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Vitesses radiales. Catalogue WEB: Wilson Evans Batten. Subtittle: Radial velocities: The Wilson-Evans-Batten catalogue.
We give a common version of the two catalogues of Mean Radial Velocitiesby Wilson (1963) and Evans (1978) to which we have added the catalogueof spectroscopic binary systems (Batten et al. 1989). For each star,when possible, we give: 1) an acronym to enter SIMBAD (Set ofIdentifications Measurements and Bibliography for Astronomical Data) ofthe CDS (Centre de Donnees Astronomiques de Strasbourg). 2) the numberHIC of the HIPPARCOS catalogue (Turon 1992). 3) the CCDM number(Catalogue des Composantes des etoiles Doubles et Multiples) byDommanget & Nys (1994). For the cluster stars, a precise study hasbeen done, on the identificator numbers. Numerous remarks point out theproblems we have had to deal with.
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All-sky Stromgren photometry of speckle binary stars
All-sky Stromgren photometric observations were obtained for 303 specklebinaries. Most stars were in the range of V = 5-8. These data, whencombined with ratios of intensities from the CHARA speckle photometryprogram, will allow the determination of photometric indices for theindividual components of binary stars with separations as small as 0.05arcsec. These photometric indices will complement the stellar massesfrom the speckle interferometry observations to provide a much improvedmass-luminosity relationship.
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ICCD speckle observations of binary stars. X - A further survey for duplicity among the bright stars
Speckle interferometric observations are reported for 1123 starsselected from the Yale Bright Star Catalogue (BSC) in a continuingeffort to detect new binaries among the bright stars. Thirty-twopreviously unresolved binaries have been detected, including companionsto Xi UMa and 15 S Mon. Measures of 107 previously resolved systems,many of which resulted from earlier speckle observations, are alsopresented. No evidence of duplicity within a specific (m, Delta-m, rho)window of detectability was found for 984 bright stars. Many of thesystems discovered earlier have shown significant orbital motions, andwe present preliminary orbital elements for six binaries. This efforthas resulted in the discovery of 75 new, bright binaries. We considersome aspects of the duplicity frequencies among the diverse spectral andluminosity classes represented in this sample. We anticipate that thecompletion of a speckle survey of the BSC would lead to the discovery ofat least 200 additional binary systems with angular separations mostlybelow 0.20 arcsec. Many of these will have periods of the order of onedecade and will be accessible to complementary radial velocity programsof enhanced precision.
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UBV photometry of stars whose positions are accurately known. VI
Results are presented from UBV photometric observations of 1000 stars ofthe Bright Star Catalogue and the faint extension of the FK5.Observations were carried out between July 1987 and December 1990 withthe 40-cm Cassegrain telescope of the Kvistaberg Observatory.
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ICCD speckle observations of binary stars. V - Measurements during 1988-1989 from the Kitt Peak and the Cerro Tololo 4 M telescopes
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1990AJ.....99..965M&db_key=AST
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The rotational break for G giants
New high-resolution spectroscopic observations have been obtained for 73G giants. Fourier analysis of their spectral lines yields rotationvelocities and macroturbulence dispersions. Combined with data from anearlier study, total of 86 analyses of luminosity class III giants isnow available. The existence of a rotational discontinuity forluminosity class III giants is confirmed, but it is found to be near G0III rather than G5 III, as indicated in the earlier work. Evidence forrotation being a single-valued function of spectral type isstrengthened. The observations are interpreted in terms of adynamo-generated magnetic brake and a 'rotostat' phenomenon.
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ICCD speckle observations of binary stars. IV - Measurements during 1986-1988 from the Kitt Peak 4 M telescope
One thousand five hundred and fifty measurements of 1006 binary starsystems observed mostly during 1986 through mid-1988 by means of speckleinterferometry with the KPNO 4-m telescope are presented. Twenty-onesystems are directly resolved for the first time, including newcomponents to the cool supergiant Alpha Her A and the Pleiades shellstar Pleione. A continuing survey of The Bright Star Catalogue yieldedeight new binaries from 293 bright stars observed. Corrections tospeckle measures from the GSU/CHARA ICCD speckle camera previouslypublished are presented and discussed.
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On the (B-V) colors of the bright stars
The possible causes of the dispersion of (B-V) colors of nearby stars inthe Bright Star Catalog are investigated. The distribution of (B-V)colors is presented for the entire range of spectral classes.Explanations for the dispersion in terms of a nonuniform distribution ofinterstellar absorbing material and a variability of metallicity areaddressed. A new statistical model for reddening by interstellar dustclouds is developed. It is concluded that extinction by nonuniforminterstellar matter is an important contribution to the reddening ofnearby stars, and that a part of the dispersion of (B-V) colors of Kand, possibly, M giants may be due to some unidentified variableproperty of those stars.
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ICCD speckle observations of binary stars. II - Measurements during 1982-1985 from the Kitt Peak 4 M telescope
This paper represents the continuation of a systematic program of binarystar speckle interferometry initiated at the 4 m telescope on Kitt Peakin late 1975. Between 1975 and 1981, the observations were obtained witha photographic speckle camera, the data from which were reduced byoptical analog methods. In mid-1982, a new speckle camera employing anintensified charge-coupled device as the detector continued the programand necessitated the development of new digital procedures for reducingand analyzing speckle data. The camera and the data-processingtechniques are described herein. This paper presents 2780 newmeasurements of 1012 binary and multiple star systems, including thefirst direct resolution of 64 systems, for the interval 1982 through1985.
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ICCD speckle observations of binary stars. I - A survey for duplicity among the bright stars
A survey of a sample of 672 stars from the Yale Bright Star Catalog(Hoffleit, 1982) has been carried out using speckle interferometry onthe 3.6-cm Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope in order to establish thebinary star frequency within the sample. This effort was motivated bythe need for a more observationally determined basis for predicting thefrequency of failure of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) fine-guidancesensors to achieve guide-star lock due to duplicity. This survey of 426dwarfs and 246 evolved stars yielded measurements of 52 newly discoveredbinaries and 60 previously known binary systems. It is shown that thefrequency of close visual binaries in the separation range 0.04-0.25arcsec is 11 percent, or nearly 3.5 times that previously known.
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The fourth meridian catalog of Besancon Observatory
The catalog presented gives differential meridian positions for 670F-type stars between plus 15 and plus 45 deg declination. The positionsare reduced to the equinox of 1950.0 without proper motions; 333 FK4stars were used as reference stars. A minimum of three and an average offive transits of each program star were observed photoelectrically usinga Gautier transit circle and a Hog grid. The internal accuracy ofindividual measurements is shown to range from 0.013 sec in rightascension and 0.30 arcsec in declination for brighter stars under betterobserving conditions to 0.020 sec in right ascension and 0.38 arcsec indeclination for fainter stars under worse conditions. The standarderrors were applied to compute weighted mean positions, mean epochs, andunweighted means for the program stars. Mean corrections for 283 FK4stars are also provided.
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Spectral classification of the bright F stars.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1976PASP...88...95C&db_key=AST
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Rotational velocities and spectral types for a sample of binary systems.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1975A&AS...19...91L&db_key=AST
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A catalogue of four-color photometry of late F-type stars.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1969AJ.....74..705P&db_key=AST
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INHABITED SKY
