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Statistical Constraints for Astrometric Binaries with Nonlinear Motion
Useful constraints on the orbits and mass ratios of astrometric binariesin the Hipparcos catalog are derived from the measured proper motiondifferences of Hipparcos and Tycho-2 (Δμ), accelerations ofproper motions (μ˙), and second derivatives of proper motions(μ̈). It is shown how, in some cases, statistical bounds can beestimated for the masses of the secondary components. Two catalogs ofastrometric binaries are generated, one of binaries with significantproper motion differences and the other of binaries with significantaccelerations of their proper motions. Mathematical relations betweenthe astrometric observables Δμ, μ˙, and μ̈ andthe orbital elements are derived in the appendices. We find a remarkabledifference between the distribution of spectral types of stars withlarge accelerations but small proper motion differences and that ofstars with large proper motion differences but insignificantaccelerations. The spectral type distribution for the former sample ofbinaries is the same as the general distribution of all stars in theHipparcos catalog, whereas the latter sample is clearly dominated bysolar-type stars, with an obvious dearth of blue stars. We point outthat the latter set includes mostly binaries with long periods (longerthan about 6 yr).
| B Star Rotational Velocities in h and χ Persei: A Probe of Initial Conditions during the Star Formation Epoch?
Projected rotational velocities (vsini) have been measured for 216 B0-B9stars in the rich, dense h and χ Persei double cluster and comparedwith the distribution of rotational velocities for a sample of fieldstars having comparable ages (t~12-15 Myr) and masses (M~4-15Msolar). For stars that are relatively little evolved fromtheir initial locations on the zero-age main sequence (ZAMS) (those withmasses M~4-5 Msolar), the mean vsini measured for the h andχ Per sample is slightly more than 2 times larger than the meandetermined for field stars of comparable mass, and the cluster and fieldvsini distributions differ with a high degree of significance. Forsomewhat more evolved stars with masses in the range 5-9Msolar, the mean vsini in h and χ Per is 1.5 times thatof the field; the vsini distributions differ as well, but with a lowerdegree of statistical significance. For stars that have evolvedsignificantly from the ZAMS and are approaching the hydrogen exhaustionphase (those with masses in the range 9-15 Msolar), thecluster and field star means and distributions are only slightlydifferent. We argue that both the higher rotation rates and the patternof rotation speeds as a function of mass that differentiatemain-sequence B stars in h and χ Per from their field analogs werelikely imprinted during the star formation process rather than a resultof angular momentum evolution over the 12-15 Myr cluster lifetime. Wespeculate that these differences may reflect the effects of the higheraccretion rates that theory suggests are characteristic of regions thatgive birth to dense clusters, namely, (1) higher initial rotationspeeds; (2) higher initial radii along the stellar birth line, resultingin greater spin-up between the birth line and the ZAMS; and (3) a morepronounced maximum in the birth line radius-mass relationship thatresults in differentially greater spin-up for stars that become mid- tolate-B stars on the ZAMS.
| The mass of the neutron star in SMC X-1
We present new optical spectroscopy of the eclipsing binary pulsar Sk160/SMC X-1. From the He I absorption lines, taking heating correctionsinto account, we determine the radial velocity semi-amplitude of Sk 160to be 21.8 ± 1.8 km s-1. Assuming Sk 160 fills itsRoche-lobe, the inclination angle of the system is i=65.3° ±1.3° and in this case we obtain upper limits for the mass of theneutron star as M_x= 1.21 ± 0.10 Mȯ and for Sk160 as M_o= 16.6 ± 0.4 Mȯ. However if we assumethat the inclination angle is i=90°, then the ratio of the radius ofSk 160 to the radius of its Roche-lobe is β = 0.79 ± 0.02,and the lower limits for the masses of the two stars are M_x= 0.91± 0.08 Mȯ and M_o= 12.5 ± 0.1Mȯ. We also show that the He II 4686 Å emissionline tracks the motion of the neutron star, but with a radial velocityamplitude somewhat less than that of the neutron star itself. We suggestthat this emission may arise from a hotspot where material accreting viaRoche lobe overflow impacts the outer edge of an accretion disc.
| Rotation periods of Post-T Tauri stars in Lindroos systems
We present a rotational study of Post-T Tauri stars (PTTSs) in Lindroossystems, defined as binaries with early type primaries on themain-sequence (MS) and late-type secondaries on the pre-main-sequence(PMS) phase. The importance of this study in comparison with previousones is that the Lindroos sample is not X-ray selected so we avoid apossible bias towards fast rotators. In this preliminary study we havemonitored eleven stars in the UBVRI bands during two campaigns of tenconsecutive nights each. Eight of the observed PTTSs show periodicmodulations in their lightcurves and the derived periods range from 1.9d to 8.0 d. The comparison of these results with theoretical rotationaltracks based on disk-star locking theory shows that star-disk decouplingtimes of 1-20 Myr could reproduce the rotational properties of thetargets, assuming an initial rotation period of 8 d and a mass of 1Mȯ. We have studied the rotation-activity relations ofLindroos PTTSs and compared them with those found in other groups of PMSand zero-age main-sequence (ZAMS) 1 Mȯ stars. TheLindroos sample displays activity-rotation relations very similar tothose found in TTSs. It contains a mixture of very active stars, withLX/Lbol ratios close to the saturation level of-3, and less active (unsaturated) stars. This could be the result ofdifferent star-disk decoupling times. Future monitoring of a larger andunbiased sample of PTTS will be important to confirm the significance ofthese results.Based on observations collected at Cerro Tololo Inter-AmericanObservatory and the European Southern Observatory, La Silla, underproject 66.C-0119(B).
| Rotational Velocities of B, A, and Early-F Narrow-lined Stars
Projected rotational velocities for 58 B, A, and early-F stars have beendetermined from high-resolution spectroscopic observations made at KittPeak National Observatory with the coudé feed telescope. All thestars are slowly rotating with vsini<60 km s-1. Because oftheir low rotational velocities, 15 of the stars have been observed asprospective, early-type, radial velocity standards.
| On the behavior of the Cii 4267.261, 6578.052 and 6582.882 Å lines in chemically peculiar and standard stars
With the aim of investigating the possible particular behavior of carbonin a sample of chemically peculiar stars of the main sequence withoutturning to modeling, we performed spectroscopic observations of threeimportant and usually prominent single ionized carbon lines: 4267.261,6578.052 and 6582.882 Å. In addition, we observed a large numberof standard stars in order to define a kind of normality strip, usefulfor comparing the observed trend for the peculiar stars. We paidparticular attention to the problem of the determination of fundamentalatmospheric parameters, especially for the chemically peculiar stars forwhich the abundance anomalies change the flux distribution in such a waythat the classical photometric methods to infer effective temperaturesand gravities parameter cannot be applied. Regarding CP stars, we founda normal carbon abundance in Hg-Mn, Si (with some exceptions) and Hestrong stars. He weak stars are normal too, but with a large spread outof the data around the mean value. A more complicated behavior has beennoted in the group of SrCrEu stars: four out of seven show a strongoverabundance, being the others normal.
| Rotational Velocities of B Stars
We measured the projected rotational velocities of 1092 northern B starslisted in the Bright Star Catalogue (BSC) and calibrated them againstthe 1975 Slettebak et al. system. We found that the published values ofB dwarfs in the BSC average 27% higher than those standards. Only 0.3%of the stars have rotational velocities in excess of two-thirds of thebreakup velocities, and the mean velocity is only 25% of breakup,implying that impending breakup is not a significant factor in reducingrotational velocities. For the B8-B9.5 III-V stars the bimodaldistribution in V can be explained by a set of slowly rotating Ap starsand a set of rapidly rotating normal stars. For the B0-B5 III-V starsthat include very few peculiar stars, the distributions in V are notbimodal. Are the low rotational velocities of B stars due to theoccurrence of frequent low-mass companions, planets, or disks? Therotational velocities of giants originating from late B dwarfs areconsistent with their conservation of angular momentum in shells.However, we are puzzled by why the giants that originate from the earlyB dwarfs, despite having 3 times greater radii, have nearly the samerotational velocities. We find that all B-type primaries in binarieswith periods less than 2.4 days have synchronized rotational and orbitalmotions; those with periods between 2.4 and 5.0 days are rotating withina factor 2 of synchronization or are ``nearly synchronized.'' Thecorresponding period ranges for A-type stars are 4.9 and 10.5 days, ortwice as large. We found that the rotational velocities of the primariesare synchronized earlier than their orbits are circularized. The maximumorbital period for circularized B binaries is 1.5 days and for Abinaries is 2.5 days. For stars of various ages from 107.5 to1010.2 yr the maximum circularized periods are a smoothexponential function of age.
| Far-Ultraviolet Spectra of B Stars near the Ecliptic
Spectra of B stars in the wavelength range of 911-1100 Å have beenobtained with the Espectrógrafo Ultravioleta de RadiaciónDifusa (EURD) spectrograph on board the Spanish satellite MINISAT-01with ~5 Å spectral resolution. International Ultraviolet Explorer(IUE) spectra of the same stars have been used to normalize Kuruczmodels to the distance, reddening, and spectral type of thecorresponding star. The comparison of eight main-sequence stars studiedin detail (α Vir, ɛ Tau, λ Tau, τ Tau, αLeo, ζ Lib, θ Oph, and σ Sgr) shows agreement withKurucz models, but observed fluxes are 10%-40% higher than the models inmost cases. The difference in flux between observations and models ishigher in the wavelength range between Lyα and Lyβ. Wesuggest that Kurucz models underestimate the far-ultraviolet (FUV) fluxof main-sequence B stars between these two Lyman lines. Computation offlux distributions of line-blanketed model atmospheres including non-LTEeffects suggests that this flux underestimate could be due to departuresfrom LTE, although other causes cannot be ruled out. We found that thecommon assumption of solar metallicity for young disk stars should bemade with care, since small deviations can have a significant impact onFUV model fluxes. Two peculiar stars (ρ Leo and ɛ Aqr) and twoemission-line stars (ɛ Cap and π Aqr) were also studied. Ofthese, only ɛ Aqr has a flux in agreement with the models. The resthave strong variability in the IUE range and/or uncertain reddening,which makes the comparison with models difficult. Based on thedevelopment and utilization of the Espectrógrafo Ultravioleta deRadiación Difusa, a collaboration of the Spanish InstitutoNacional de Técnica Aeroespacial and the Center for EUVAstrophysics, University of California, Berkeley.
| Binary systems with post-T Tauri secondaries
The identification of post-T Tauri (pTT) stars selected throughspectroscopic criteria by Pallavicini et al. (\cite{Pallavicini92}) andby Martín et al. (1992) among the candidates belonging to visualbinary systems is revisited in the present paper by studying theirposition in the HR diagram. These stars belong to the so-called Lindroosbinary sample (Lindroos \cite{Lindroos85}), i.e. to systems withearly-type primaries and late-type companions. If these binaries arephysical and not simply optical pairs, similar ages must be found forthe early-type primary and the late-type component of each system. Theages of these systems have been derived by Lindroos in 1986, by usingcalibrations of the uvbyβ indices. In this paper, we revisit theseages through the position of these stars among new evolutionary tracksin the HR diagram for pre- and post-main sequence stars. We derive newestimations of the ages of each system component, as well as theirmasses, using parallaxes of the early-type component derived fromHipparcos data and by forcing the late-type companion to be at the samedistance. Teff and log g of the early-type components havebeen computed using the calibrations of two independent photometricsystems: the uvbyβ photometry and the Geneva system. TheTeff of the late-type stars have been determined by usingvarious calibrations of several photometric systems: uvbyβ, UBV andVRI, in order to determine the uncertainties and systematic errors onthese parameters and consequently on the ages. Differences in the agesand masses obtained by using various sources of recent evolutionarymodels are considered and discussed. The consistency of the age of thelate type component with that of its early type primary is examined; thevalidity of this criterion for a selection of physical pairs isdiscussed. The accuracy of the observational and theoretical data arenot sufficient to assign stringent values to the age for several of theexamined systems. Nevertheless, in spite of the large error bars, wehave established that we could select a number of systems which,according to their position in the HR diagram, may be physicallyassociated. The selection of possible physically bounded systemsobtained with the present approach and that made by Pallavicini et al.(\cite{Pallavicini92}) or Martín et al. (1992) on the basis ofspectroscopic criteria are not always coincident. Spectroscopiccriteria, for example the presence of a strong Li feature, are morestringent conditions than that of coherent ages of primaries andsecondaries; however the Li I 6708 doublet is expected to fade in thelatest stages of the pre-main sequence life of a star, so that the``oldest" pTTs may not be detected by spectroscopy only. The differentresults so obtained are discussed for each system and we conclude thatthe present approach may be used as a powerful criterion to select newpTT candidates in visual binaries to be observed and analyzed with highresolution spectrographs and to select candidates that have almostreached the main sequence. Partly based on data from the ESA Hipparcosastrometric satellite. Tables 2, 5, 7 and 9 are only available inelectronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr(130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/379/162
| X-ray emission from Lindroos binary systems
We present a study of the X-ray emission from binary systems extractedfrom the Lindroos catalogue (Lindroos 1986) based on the ROSAT All-Skysurvey as well as ROSAT PSPC and HRI pointings. The studied sampleconsists of visual binary systems comprised of early-type primaries andlate-type secondaries. The ages of the systems were determined byLindroos (1985) from uvbybeta photometry of the primaries. These agesrange between 33 and 135 Myr, so if the late-type secondaries arephysically bound to the early-type primaries, they could be Post-T Tauristars (PTTS). We have found strong X-ray emission from severalsecondaries. This fact together with their optical and IR data, makethem bona fide PTTS candidates. We have also detected X-ray emissionfrom several early-type primaries and, in particular, from most of thelate-B type stars. Because their HRI hardness ratios are similar tothose from resolved late-type stars, the presence of an unresolvedlate-type companion seems to be the cause of this emission.
| The ROSAT all-sky survey catalogue of optically bright main-sequence stars and subgiant stars
We present X-ray data for all main-sequence and subgiant stars ofspectral types A, F, G, and K and luminosity classes IV and V listed inthe Bright Star Catalogue that have been detected as X-ray sources inthe ROSAT all-sky survey; several stars without luminosity class arealso included. The catalogue contains 980 entries yielding an averagedetection rate of 32 percent. In addition to count rates, sourcedetection parameters, hardness ratios, and X-ray fluxes we also listX-ray luminosities derived from Hipparcos parallaxes. The catalogue isalso available in electronic form via anonymous ftp tocdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| The Distribution of Dust Clouds in the Interstellar Medium
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1996ApJ...457..764D&db_key=AST
| The ROSAT all-sky survey catalogue of optically bright OB-type stars.
For the detailed statistical analysis of the X-ray emission of hot starswe selected all stars of spectral type O and B listed in the Yale BrightStar Catalogue and searched for them in the ROSAT All-Sky Survey. Inthis paper we describe the selection and preparation of the data andpresent a compilation of the derived X-ray data for a complete sample ofbright OB stars.
| The photoelectric astrolabe catalogue of Yunnan Observatory (YPAC).
The positions of 53 FK5, 70 FK5 Extension and 486 GC stars are given forthe equator and equinox J2000.0 and for the mean observation epoch ofeach star. They are determined with the photoelectric astrolabe ofYunnan Observatory. The internal mean errors in right ascension anddeclination are +/- 0.046" and +/- 0.059", respectively. The meanobservation epoch is 1989.51.
| Vitesses radiales. Catalogue WEB: Wilson Evans Batten. Subtittle: Radial velocities: The Wilson-Evans-Batten catalogue.
We give a common version of the two catalogues of Mean Radial Velocitiesby Wilson (1963) and Evans (1978) to which we have added the catalogueof spectroscopic binary systems (Batten et al. 1989). For each star,when possible, we give: 1) an acronym to enter SIMBAD (Set ofIdentifications Measurements and Bibliography for Astronomical Data) ofthe CDS (Centre de Donnees Astronomiques de Strasbourg). 2) the numberHIC of the HIPPARCOS catalogue (Turon 1992). 3) the CCDM number(Catalogue des Composantes des etoiles Doubles et Multiples) byDommanget & Nys (1994). For the cluster stars, a precise study hasbeen done, on the identificator numbers. Numerous remarks point out theproblems we have had to deal with.
| Radio continuum emission from stars: a catalogue update.
An updated version of my catalogue of radio stars is presented. Somestatistics and availability are discussed.
| Submillimeter constraints on dust near Lindroos' POST T Tauri stars
Young stars from the dynamical sample identified by Lindroos (A&A,156,223 (1986)) have been observed at 800 micrometers wavelength usingthe James Clerk Maxwell Telescope on Mauna Kea. The new data are used toconstrain the mass of circumstellar dust around these stars. TheLindroos sample is dominated by low-mass stars of age (3-150) x106 yr, intermediate in age between the T Tauri andmain-sequence stars. When combined with previous measurements, thepresent observations are compatible with the depletion of circumstellardust on a time scale tau approximately 107.0 yr. If this dustis present in circumstellar disks, then tau represents the lifetime ofthese disks.
| The distribution of interstellar dust in the solar neighborhood
We surveyed the IRAS data base at the positions of the 1808 O6-B9.5stars in The Bright Star Catalog for extended objects with excessemission at 60 microns, indicating the presence of interstellar dust atthe location of the star. Within 400 pc the filling factor of theinterstellar medium, for dust clouds with a density greater than 0.5/cucm is 14.6 + or - 2.4%. Above a density of 1.0/cu cm, the densitydistribution function appears to follow a power law index - 1.25. Whenthe dust clouds are mapped onto the galactic plane, the sun appears tobe located in a low-density region of the interstellar medium of widthabout 60 pc extending at least 500 pc in the direction of longitudes 80deg - 260 deg, a feature we call the 'local trough'.
| Optical spectroscopy of the massive X-ray binary SMC X-1/Sk 160
New spectroscopy of Sk 160, the optical counterpart of SMC X-1, ispresented. Improved mass estimates are derived for both components ofthe binary system, with and without non-Keplerian velocity corrections.The primary star is found to have a mass of 17.2 +/- 0.6 solar masses,with a best estimate for the mass of the compact component of 1.6 +/-0.1 solar mass, which is within the theoretical mass range for neutronstars. Studies of line profile variations in the primary show that theeffect of X-ray heating on the inner hemisphere is present but notdramatic. Distance estimates are derived, the lowest of which implies asub-Eddington luminosity for the X-ray source, and places the system onthe near side of the SMC.
| Extinction law survey based on UV ANS photometry
The paper presents an extensive survey of interstellar extinction curvesderived from the ANS photometric measurements of early type starsbelonging to our Galaxy. This survey is more extensive and deeper thanany other one, based on spectral data. The UV color excesses aredetermined with the aid of 'artificial standards', a new techniqueproposed by the authors which allows the special check of Sp/L match ofa target and the selected standard. The results indicate that extinctionlaw changes from place to place.
| The stellar temperature scale for stars of spectral types from O8 to F6 and the standard deviation of the MK spectral classification
Empirical effective temperature of 211 early-type stars found in aprevious investigation (Kontizas and Theodossiou, 1980; Theodossiou,1985) are combined with the effective temperatures of 313 early-typestars from the literature. From these effective temperatures of a totalnumber of 524 early-type stars of spectral types from O8 to F6 a newstellar temperature scale is developed along with the standard deviationof the MK spectral classification.
| The measurement of precise radial velocities of early type stars
Methods are discussed which have made it possible to measure radialvelocities to within 1-3 km/s for O, B, and A spectral-type stars of allv sin i. The methods are based on the premise that neither the spectraltype nor the rotation velocity of a star need be well known prior to thevelocity measurement. This makes them particularly suitable for surveystudies or programs dealing with very heterogeneous samples of earlystars. Observations of early type members of the Pleiades and AlphaPersei open clusters at 3787 A shown that the radial-velocity zero pointused here for the early type stars is consistent with that for late-typestars to about 1 km/s for all spectral types and projected rotationvelocities.
| The frequency and formation mechanism of B2-B5 main-sequence binaries
Twenty coude spectra were obtained for each of the 74 B2-B5 IV or Vstars, and the results of their radial velocities were combined withthose of a previous study of 42 similar stars, to examine the frequencyand the formation mechanism of these binaries. New improved orbitalelements are listed for nine known double-lined and 26 single-linedspectroscopic binaries. It is found that, systems with periods of 0.01yr to 100,000 yrs, have secondary frequencies that fit the Salpeter(1955) luminosity function (but not the van Rhijn function), indicatingthat these systems were formed primarily by capture. For systems withperiods shorter than 0.01 yr, the separations of components are only afew stellar radii, suggesting that these systems have undergone masstransfer; their secondary masses have no direct information concerningthe formation mechanism.
| Radial-velocity measurements in 20 young open clusters
The further results of a program to determine the radial velocities ofyoung open clusters are presented. Using the KPNO coude spectrographcoupled with the 1-m feed and 2.1-m telescopes, radial velocities havebeen measured for nearly one hundred stars, most of which are ofspectral type B and A, in 20 young clusters. The combination ofinstruments and the use of cross-correlation techniques show that radialvelocities of B and A type stars as faint as 10th magnitude can bedetermined with an internal precision of less than about 2 km/s. Asexpected, the uncertainties in the velocity determination for the youngclusters are dominated by spectroscopic binary stars in these clusters.A third of the stars in the sample are found to be spectroscopicbinaries, but with a large variation in the frequency of binaries fromcluster to cluster. Because the time coverage is still limited, thisshould be considered a lower limit to the binary frequency. Clustervelocities are determined after eliminating binaries and known nonmemberstars. The new velocities are compared with a model galactic rotationcurve, as well as with previous velocity determinations.
| Empirical temperature calibrations for early-type stars
Three temperature calibrations of suitable photometric quantities havebeen derived for O and B stars. A sample of 120 stars with reliableT(eff.) determinations has been used for establishing each calibration.The different calibrations have been critically discussed and compared.Temperature determinations for 1009 program stars have been obtainedwith an accuracy of the order of 10 percent.
| Galactic interstellar abundance surveys with IUE. II - The equivalent widths and column densities
This paper continues a survey of interstellar densities, abundances, andcloud structure in the Galaxy, using the International UltravioletExplorer (IUE) satellite. Equivalent widths of 18 ultraviolet resonancetransitions are presented and column densities for Si II, Mn II, Fe II,S II, and Zn II toward 261 early-type stars are derived. Theseequivalent widths and column densities agree within the stated errors ofearlier Copernicus, BUSS, or IUE surveys of Mn II, Fe II, S II, and ZnII for 45 stars in common. The column densities are derived fromsingle-component curves of growth with a common b-value based on that ofFe II and Si II.
| IUE-IRAS studies of the infrared cirrus
The 60 and 100 micron cirrus emission around 256 lines of sight in theIRAS all-sky survey was measured, and the flux averages were used tostudy the distribution, variations, and correlations of the IRASinfrared cirrus fluxes with various interstellar parameters. It wasfound that the 60 and 100 micron fluxes correlate with the depletion ofSi and show a trend with the depletion of Fe for 51 lines of sighttoward the Galactic halo. No correlation was found with the abundancesof Si, Mn, Fe, S, or Zn or with abundance ratios for the full sample of256 stars. An abundance ratio of about 3 x 10 to the 7th by numberrelative to H was derived from 60 and 100 micron flux ratios and the Hcolumn along the line of sight; this ratio appears to decrease by afactor of 10 into the halo.
| On the (B-V) colors of the bright stars
The possible causes of the dispersion of (B-V) colors of nearby stars inthe Bright Star Catalog are investigated. The distribution of (B-V)colors is presented for the entire range of spectral classes.Explanations for the dispersion in terms of a nonuniform distribution ofinterstellar absorbing material and a variability of metallicity areaddressed. A new statistical model for reddening by interstellar dustclouds is developed. It is concluded that extinction by nonuniforminterstellar matter is an important contribution to the reddening ofnearby stars, and that a part of the dispersion of (B-V) colors of Kand, possibly, M giants may be due to some unidentified variableproperty of those stars.
| Observations of interstellar diffuse absorption band at 4430 A
Observations of the interstellar diffuse absorption band at 4430 A for800 O and B stars in Neckel's (1967) catalog are being carried out, and482 spectra obtained up to September 1983 have been reduced. It isconfirmed that the strength of the interstellar diffuse absorption bandat 4430 A does not simply relate to the abundance of interstellar grainson the line of sight. The relation between the color excess E(B-V) andthe equivalent width of the band to the direction of l = 130-140 deg andb = -5 to +5 deg shows that some parameter(s) other than E(B-V) is (are)needed to understand the cause of this band.
| The extent of the local H I halo
Forty-five high-latitude, OB stars have been observed in the Ly alphaand 21 cm lines of HI in an effort to map out the vertical distributionand extent of the local HI halo. The 25 stars for which a reliable HIcolumn density can be obtained from Ly alpha lie between 60 and 3100 pcfrom the plane. The principal result is that the total column density ofHI at an absolute value of z greater than 1 kpc is, on the average, 5 +or - 3 x 10 to the 19th power/sq cm, or 15 percent of thetotalHI. At relatively low z the data toward some starssuggest a low effective scale height and fairly high average foregrounddensity, while toward others the effective scale height is large and theaverage density is low. This can be understood as the result ofirregularities in the interstellar medium. A model with half of the HImass in clouds having radii of a few pc and a Gaussian verticaldistribution with sigma2 = 135 pc, and half of the mass in anexponential component with a scale height of 500 pc, gives asatisfactory fit to the data. The technique of comparing Ly alpha and 21cm column densities is also used to discuss the problem of estimatingthe distance to several possibly subluminous stars.
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Посматрања и Астрометриски подаци
| Сазвежђа: | Бик |
| Ректацензија: | 03h48m16.30s |
| Deклинација: | +11°08'36.0" |
| Apparent магнитуда: | 5.07 |
| Даљина: | 173.31 parsecs |
| Proper motion RA: | 23.1 |
| Proper motion Dec: | -27.2 |
| B-T magnitude: | 4.91 |
| V-T magnitude: | 5.055 |
Каталог и designations:
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INHABITED SKY
