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Ýlgili Makaleler
On the Formation of Perseus OB1 at High Galactic Latitudes
The Per OB1 association, which contains the remarkable double cluster hand χ Per, is unusual in not having a giant molecular cloud in itsvicinity. We show from Hipparcos data that the luminous members of thisassociation exhibit a bulk motion away from the Galactic plane, suchthat their average velocity increases with height above the Galacticplane. We find HAeBe and T Tauri stars toward probable remnant molecularclouds associated with Per OB1. These star-forming regions lie wellbeyond the location of the luminous member stars at heights of 280-400pc above the Galactic plane, far higher than that previously found forembedded clusters. We argue that the observed motion of the luminousmember stars is most naturally explained if many formed from moleculargas pushed and accelerated outward by an expanding superbubble, drivenpresumably by stellar winds and perhaps also by supernova explosions. Alarge shell of atomic hydrogen gas and dust that lies just beyond theremnant molecular clouds, believed to be driven by just such asuperbubble, may comprise the swept-up remains of the parental giantmolecular cloud from which this association formed. In support of thispicture, we find a weak trend for the younger O star members to lie athigher Galactic latitudes than the older supergiant members. Thestar-forming regions located at even larger heights above the Galacticplane presumably correspond to more recent episodes of star formation ator near the periphery of this superbubble.
| Fourier method of determining the rotational velocities in OB stars
Aims.We present a comprehensive study that applies the Fourier transformto a sample of O and early B-type stars (either dwarfs, giants, orsupergiants) to determine their projected rotational velocities. We thencompare them with previous values obtained with other methods and seekevidence of extra broadening in the spectral lines Methods: The Fouriertechnique, extensively used in the study of cooler stars, has only beenmarginally applied to early-type stars. The comparison of v sin i valuesobtained through the ft and FWHM methods shows that the FWHM techniquemust be used with care in the analysis of OB giants and supergiants andwhen it is applied to He I lines. In contrast, the ft method appears tobe a powerful tool for deriving reliable projected rotational velocitiesand separating the effect of rotation from other broadening mechanismspresent in these stars. Results: The analysis of the sample of OB starsshows that while dwarfs and giants display a broad range of projectedrotational velocities, from less than 30 up to 450 km s-1,supergiants have in general values close to or below 100 kms-1. The analysis has also definitely shown that, while theeffect of extra broadening is negligible in OB dwarfs, it is clearlypresent in supergiants. When examining the behavior of the projectedrotational velocities with the stellar parameters and across the HRdiagram, we conclude, in agreement with previous researchers, that therotational velocity should decrease when the stars evolve. On thecontrary, macroturbulence may be constant, therefore resulting in anincreasing importance as compared to rotation when the stars evolve.The int and wht telescops are operated on the island of La Palma by theRGO in the Spanish Observatorium of El Roque de los Muchachos of theInstituto de Astrofísica de Canarias. Tables 2-10 are onlyavailable in electronic form at http://www.aanda.org
| A Galactic O Star Catalog
We have produced a catalog of 378 Galactic O stars with accuratespectral classifications that is complete for V<8 but includes manyfainter stars. The catalog provides cross-identifications with othersources; coordinates (obtained in most cases from Tycho-2 data);astrometric distances for 24 of the nearest stars; optical (Tycho-2,Johnson, and Strömgren) and NIR photometry; group membership,runaway character, and multiplicity information; and a Web-based versionwith links to on-line services.
| On the Absolute Magnitudes of the O Stars
The conclusion published in 1992 by Garmany & Stencel from a studyof northern OB associations, that the absolute magnitudes of the O starsshow ``a large scatter ... intrinsic to the classification system,'' iscritically examined. It is found that the differences between theirderived absolute magnitudes of O stars and this author's 1973calibration exhibit large systematic effects in several associations,ranging from -0.74 to +1.02 mag with substantially smaller dispersions.Of course, when these results are combined, the scatter equals the fullrange of the systematic effects. To investigate the possibility ofdistance errors, the Garmany & Stencel B0-B2.5 stars in the sameassociations are subjected to the same analysis. The results for the Bstars show no significant systematic differences, eliminating errors inthe association distances derived by Garmany & Stencel from the Bstars as the source of the differences found for the O stars. It isnoteworthy that the dispersions in the absolute magnitudes of the Bstars within a given association are similar to or larger than those ofthe O stars. An examination of the distribution on the sky of the starsshows that the O and B stars in the discrepant associations aregenerally not colocated; such was already known to be the case for theimportant Perseus OB1 association. It is suggested that despite theirefforts to improve them, significant problems remain with theassociation memberships adopted by Garmany & Stencel; the relativelysmall dispersions of the O star absolute magnitudes even in thediscrepant cases indicate that they belong to different, usually moredistant associations near the lines of sight to the B associations withwhich they have been mistakenly connected. Several individual cases ofunrecognized multiple systems and classification errors are also foundin the Garmany & Stencel sample. It is concluded that the scatter inthe absolute magnitudes of the O stars is not as large as found byGarmany & Stencel, and not larger than that of the B stars.
| The relation between far-UV and visible extinctions
For directions of sufficient reddening (/E(B-V)>~0.25), there is asimple relation between the slope of the extinction curve in the far-UVand /E(B-V). Regardless of direction, the far-UV extinction curve isproportional to 1/λn e-2E(B-V)/λ(/λ in μm, /n=4), in accordance with the idea that reddenedstars spectra are contaminated by scattered light (Zagury, 2001b). Thisrelation is not compatible with the standard theory of extinction whichstates that far-UV and visible extinctions are due to different classesof particle. In that model the two (far-UV and visible) extinctions varythus independently according to the proportion of each type of particle.In preceding papers I have shown that the standard theory cannot explainUV observations of nebulae, and is contradicted by the UV spectra ofstars with very low reddening: for how long shall the standard theory beconsidered as the interpretation of the extinction curve?
| H I Spectra and Column Densities toward HVC and IVC Probes
We show 21 cm line profiles in the direction of stars and extragalacticobjects, lying projected on high- and intermediate-velocity clouds (HVCsand IVCs). About half of these are from new data obtained with theEffelsberg 100 m telescope, about a quarter are extracted from theLeiden-Dwingeloo Survey (LDS), and the remaining quarter were observedwith other single-dish telescopes. H I column densities were determinedfor each HVC/IVC. Paper I of this series uses these in combination withoptical and ultraviolet high-resolution measurements to deriveabundances. Here an analysis is given of the difference and ratio of N(HI) as observed with a 9' versus a 35' beam. For HVCs and IVCs the ratioN(H I-9')/N(H I-35') lies in the range 0.2-2.5. For low-velocity gasthis ratio ranges from 0.75 to 1.3 (the observed ratio is 0.85-1.4, butit appears that the correction for stray radiation is slightly off). Thesmaller range for the low-velocity gas may be caused by confusion in theline of sight, so that a low ratio in one component can be compensatedby a high ratio in another-for 11 low-velocity clouds fitted by onecomponent the distribution of ratios has a larger dispersion. Comparisonwith higher angular resolution data is possible for 16 sight lines.Eight sight lines with H I data at 1'-2' resolution show a range of0.75-1.25 for N(H I-2')/N(H I-9'), while in eight other sight lines N(HI-Lyα)/N(H I-9') ranges from 0.74 to 0.98.
| Distances and Metallicities of High- and Intermediate-Velocity Clouds
A table is presented that summarizes published absorption linemeasurements for the high- and intermediate-velocity clouds (HVCs andIVCs). New values are derived for N(H I) in the direction of observedprobes, in order to arrive at reliable abundances and abundance limits(the H I data are described in Paper II). Distances to stellar probesare revisited and calculated consistently, in order to derive distancebrackets or limits for many of the clouds, taking care to properlyinterpret nondetections. The main conclusions are the following. (1)Absolute abundances have been measured using lines of S II, N I, and OI, with the following resulting values: ~0.1 solar for one HVC (complexC), ~0.3 solar for the Magellanic Stream, ~0.5 solar for a southern IVC,and ~solar for two northern IVCs (the IV Arch and LLIV Arch). Finally,approximate values in the range 0.5-2 solar are found for three moreIVCs. (2) Depletion patterns in IVCs are like those in warm disk or halogas. (3) Most distance limits are based on strong UV lines of C II, SiII, and Mg II, a few on Ca II. Distance limits for major HVCs aregreater than 5 kpc, while distance brackets for several IVCs are in therange 0.5-2 kpc. (4) Mass limits for major IVCs are0.5-8×105 Msolar, but for major HVCs theyare more than 106 Msolar. (5) The Ca II/H I ratiovaries by up to a factor 2-5 within a single cloud, somewhat morebetween clouds. (6) The Na I/H I ratio varies by a factor of more than10 within a cloud, and even more between clouds. Thus, Ca II can beuseful for determining both lower and upper distance limits, but Na Ionly yields upper limits.
| Catalogue of Apparent Diameters and Absolute Radii of Stars (CADARS) - Third edition - Comments and statistics
The Catalogue, available at the Centre de Données Stellaires deStrasbourg, consists of 13 573 records concerning the results obtainedfrom different methods for 7778 stars, reported in the literature. Thefollowing data are listed for each star: identifications, apparentmagnitude, spectral type, apparent diameter in arcsec, absolute radiusin solar units, method of determination, reference, remarks. Commentsand statistics obtained from CADARS are given. The Catalogue isavailable in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp tocdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcar?J/A+A/367/521
| A Search for Interstellar Bubbles surrounding Massive Stars in Perseus OB1
We have examined the interstellar medium in the vicinity of massivestars belonging to the Per OB1 association based on neutral hydrogen 21cm observations obtained with the 100 m radio telescope at Effelsberg(HPBW=8.4′) and complementary data from the Leiden-Dwingeloo H ISurvey (HPBW=36'). The higher angular resolution H I observationsallowed us to discover probable wind-blown bubbles related to fourmassive stars in the association, namely, HD 14442 [O5n(f)p], HD 14947[O5If+], HD 13022 [O9.5II-III((n))], and HD 13338 [O9.5V], while thedetection of a wind-blown bubble associated with HD 16691 [O5If+] isless conclusive. A clear H I shell coincident in position with two B1IIIstars (HD 15233 and Hilt 311) was also detected. Some of these featuresalso have infrared and/or molecular counterparts. The energetics of thestructures related to each massive star is analyzed. The new H Iinterstellar bubbles appear to be similar to the ones found surroundingWolf-Rayet stars and other Of stars. The large-scale maps obtained usingthe lower angular resolution H I data show that most of the early-typestars belonging to Per OB1 are placed in a region of low H I emission.The association could have blown a H I shell of about 350×550 pcin size. This large H I shell has an infrared counterpart.
| UBV beta Database for Case-Hamburg Northern and Southern Luminous Stars
A database of photoelectric UBV beta photometry for stars listed in theCase-Hamburg northern and southern Milky Way luminous stars surveys hasbeen compiled from the original research literature. Consisting of over16,000 observations of some 7300 stars from over 500 sources, thisdatabase constitutes the most complete compilation of such photometryavailable for intrinsically luminous stars around the Galactic plane.Over 5000 stars listed in the Case-Hamburg surveys still lackfundamental photometric data.
| On the normal energy distribution in stellar spectra: O5-O8 stars
The spectral energy curves for a number of O4-O8 stars are analyzedusing measurements taken from six sources of spectrophotometric data.Based on the normal UBV color indices for O stars, these stars aredivided into three groups (O5, O6-O7, and O8), for each of which thenormal energy distribution is derived and presented. Comparison of thesedistributions indicates clear differences between the O5 and O8subclasses at UV wavelengths. A single normal distribution curve is,therefore, insufficient to characterize the O spectral class as a whole.
| Wolf-Rayet stars and O-star runaways with HIPPARCOS. I. Kinematics
Reliable systemic radial velocities are almost impossible to secure forWolf-Rayet stars, difficult for O stars. Therefore, to study the motions- both systematic in the Galaxy and peculiar - of these two relatedtypes of hot, luminous star, we have examined the Hipparcos propermotions of some 70 stars of each type. We find that (a) both groupsfollow Galactic rotation in the same way, (b) both have a similarfraction of ``runaways'', (c) mean kinetic ages based on displacementand motion away from the Galactic plane tend to slightly favour thecluster ejection over the the binary supernova hypothesis for theirformation, and (d) those with significant peculiar supersonic motionrelative to the ambient ISM, tend to form bow shocks in the direction ofthe motion. Based on data from the ESA Hipparcos astrometry satellite.Table~1 is only available in electronic form at the CDS via anonymousftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| A Lower Limit to the Distance of High-Velocity Cloud Complex H
We derive a lower limit for the distance of the high-velocity cloud(HVC) complex H, which is a structure covering 480 square degrees on thesky and is centered on l = 131 deg, b = 1 deg. Considering theuncertainties in the derivation of stellar distances, we find that thedistance to the HVC is certainly larger than 3.4 kpc, probably largerthan 5 kpc, and possibly larger than 6.5 kpc. This distance limit isbased on the result that we do not find absorption associated with theHVC in IUE spectra of 17 OB stars. The three most distant of these starswere observed by us; we used the IUE archives to analyze the spectra ofthe other 14 stars. We do not have conclusive evidence that heavyelements are present in this HVC. This would require a detection ofabsorption in the spectrum of an extragalactic background source.However, the nondetections can still be considered secure, as the columndensity detection limits for the Mg II lambda lambda 2796, 2802, C IIlambda 1334, and O I lambda 1302 lines are a factor of 30-4100 below thecolumn density values expected for normal interstellar medium gas phaseabundances. Our lower limit to the distance is used to discuss possibleorigins of HVC complex H. It seems unlikely that it is associated with asuperbubble at large Galactocentric radii, an infalling dwarf galaxy, orthe outer arm. It might be an unusual Galactic fountain cloud or anintergalactic cloud.
| A Survey for H alpha Emission in Massive Binaries: The Search for Colliding Wind Candidates
I report the results of the first all-sky survey of H alpha emission inthe spectra of O-type binaries. The survey includes 26 systems, of which10 have emission that extends clearly above the continuum. This is thefirst report of emission for four of these. An additional three systemsshow small distortions in the H alpha profile that may result from weakemission. I compare the distribution of emission systems in H-R diagramsfor both binary and single stars, using a survey of single O-type starsdone by Conti (1974). Emission in main-sequence systems is extremelyrare and is completely absent in my sample of binary stars. Among binarystars, 78% of the systems containing giants show some emission, while nosingle giants in Conti's sample do. In the case of supergiants, 78% ofsingle stars show emission, while all supergiant binaries show strongemission. H alpha emission may come from a variety sources, but the factthat binaries have a higher incidence and strength of emission inpost--main-sequence stages may indicate that wind interactions are acommon source of emission in massive binaries. To ascertain whether ornot colliding winds have been observed, it will be necessary to studythe H alpha line profile throughout several orbits of each candidatecolliding wind system and look for recurring orbital-phase--relatedvariations. Such a study is underway.
| Cross-correlation characteristics of OB stars from IUE spectroscopy
We present a catalogue of homogeneous measures of the linewidthparameter, v_esin i, for 373 O-type stars and early B supergiants(including the separate components of 25 binary and three triplesystems), produced by cross-correlating high-resolution,short-wavelength IUE spectra against a `template' spectrum of tauSco. Wealso tabulate terminal velocities. There are no O supergiants in oursample with v_esin i<65 km s^-1, and only one supergiant earlier thanB5 has v_esin i<50 km s^-1, confirming that an important linebroadening mechanism in addition to rotation must be present in theseobjects. A calibration of the area under the cross-correlation peakagainst spectral type is used to obtain estimates of continuum intensityratios of the components in 28 spectroscopically binary or multiplesystems. At least seven SB2 systems show evidence for the `Struve-Sahadeeffect', a systematic variation in relative line strength as a functionof orbital phase. The stellar wind profiles of the most rapid rotator inour sample, the O9III:n* star HD 191423 (v_esin i=436km s^-1), show itto have a `wind-compressed disc' similar to that of HD 93521; this starand other rapid rotators are good candidates for studies of non-radialpulsation.
| Projected Rotational Velocities of O-Type Stars
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1996ApJ...463..737P&db_key=AST
| Metal line strengths of blue stragglers towards the young galactic association Perseus OB1.
We present equivalent width measurements of lines of HeI, CIII, NIII,OII, MgII and SiIV from high resolution optical spectra of eight bluestragglers towards the young galactic association Perseus OB1, togetherwith similar data from ultraviolet spectra. We have carried outintercomparisons of the observed line strengths between target stars ofsimilar effective temperatures, and comparisons between the target starsand data for other O-type stars, in order to search for possibleabundance anomalies in our target stars. We find firm evidence that twostars, HD 12323 and HD 13268, exhibit CNO bicycle processed material attheir surfaces, and we outline evolutionary scenarios to explain thisphenomenon. One further star, HD 12993, also shows marginal evidence forprocessed material at its surface. There is no evidence for abundanceanomalies in the five remaining stars, and we consider that they may notbe association members. Hence their identification as blue stragglers isin doubt.
| Vitesses radiales. Catalogue WEB: Wilson Evans Batten. Subtittle: Radial velocities: The Wilson-Evans-Batten catalogue.
We give a common version of the two catalogues of Mean Radial Velocitiesby Wilson (1963) and Evans (1978) to which we have added the catalogueof spectroscopic binary systems (Batten et al. 1989). For each star,when possible, we give: 1) an acronym to enter SIMBAD (Set ofIdentifications Measurements and Bibliography for Astronomical Data) ofthe CDS (Centre de Donnees Astronomiques de Strasbourg). 2) the numberHIC of the HIPPARCOS catalogue (Turon 1992). 3) the CCDM number(Catalogue des Composantes des etoiles Doubles et Multiples) byDommanget & Nys (1994). For the cluster stars, a precise study hasbeen done, on the identificator numbers. Numerous remarks point out theproblems we have had to deal with.
| Evidence for Mass Outflow from the Nucleus of M101: Knots, Rings, and a Geyser
Hα on-line and off-line CCD images of M101 obtained with theCanada-France-Hawaii 3.6 m telescope show the presence of two Hαbright, filled knots paired linearly across the nucleus in a north-southorientation. The knots are centered 2.4" (85 pc, assuming a distance toM101 of 7.4 Mpc) from the nucleus and lie roughly perpendicular to aneast-west molecular bar. Each knot in turn is connected to an elongated,photoionized ring lying parallel along the bar. The eastern ring,connected to the southern knot, reaches outward in a well-defined 500 x200 pc oval. The 700 x 300 pc western ring, connected to the northernknot, is more broken and dissipated in the middle. An arc containingblue stars and/or significant Hα absorption lies along thesouthern side of a dust lane extending from the nucleus westward alongthe bar. Hubble Space Telescope Planetary Camera image data show pocketsof star-forming regions to the east and to the south of the nucleuswhich are associated with the knot and ring in that half. The imagingdata, together with velocity data obtained with the Coude' feedspectrometer at Kitt Peak National Observatory show that the knots andrings are likely a bipolar outflow originating from a velocity <100km s^-1^ "geyser" which has a period of approximately 22 million yearsand is located in the nucleus. The geyser may be caused by a mass <10^6^ M_sun_ black hole orbiting within the nucleus, sweeping materialfrom the molecular bar.
| Blue stragglers in the young galactic association Perseus OB1.
Moderate spectral resolution, very high signal-to-noise optical spectrahave been obtained for eight blue stragglers towards the youngassociation Per OB1. These have been used to estimate projectedrotational and radial velocities. The line profiles of hydrogen andneutral and ionized helium have been analysed using non-LTE modelatmosphere calculations to deduce effective temperatures and logarithmicsurface gravities. Helium abundances have also been derived, althoughfor some targets this quantity was not well constrained. In addition,stellar radii, luminosities, and masses have been estimated both byspectroscopic methods and by comparison with evolutionary tracks. Thespectroscopic estimates were based on absolute magnitudes deduced fromeither assuming a unique distance modulus, or from a spectraltype-absolute magnitude calibration; the latter leads to a range ofdistance moduli of 1.4 magnitudes. Both sets of spectroscopic masseswere systematically smaller than the evolutionary masses, butluminosities deduced from spectral types gave a smaller and lessscattered set of mass discrepancies. None of these stars is definitelygenerically related to Per OB1 and they may therefore represent a moreheterogeneous group than has previously been thought, containingpossibly one helium and nitrogen enriched spectroscopic binary, twostars belonging to other associations/clusters, two runaway stars(nitrogen enhanced and possibly helium rich), and a group of O-typestars beyond Per OB1 containing two very fast rotators which may behelium enriched.
| An atlas of ultraviolet P Cygni profiles
We have selected spectra of 232 stars from the International UltravioletExplorer (IUE) archives for inclusion in an atlas intended for varioususes but tailored especially for the study of stellar winds. The atlascovers the range in spectral types from O3 to F8. The full atlas coversthe reduced and normalized high resolution spectra from the IUE long-and short-wavelength spectrographs. Here we discuss the selection of thestars and the data reduction, and we present in velocity units theprofiles of lines formed in the stellar winds. The selected lines covera wide range of ionizations, allowing a comparison of the profiles fromdifferent ions in the wind of each star and a comparison of thedifferent wind lines as a function spectral type and luminosity. We alsopresent the basic data on the program stars to facilitate study of thedependence of wind features on stellar parameters such as luminosity,temperature, escape velocity, and v sin i. We provide an overview of thecharacteristic behavior of the wind lines in the H-R diagram. Thecomplete spectra are available in digital form through the NASAAstrophysics Data System (ADS). We offer a description of the electronicdatabase that is available through the ADS and guidelines for obtainingaccess to that database.
| Intrinsic colour indices of O- and B- type stars in the Vilnius photometric system.
Not Available
| Synthetic UV Lines of Si IV, C IV, and He II from a Population of Massive Stars in Starburst Galaxies
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1993ApJ...418..749R&db_key=AST
| Galactic OB associations in the northern Milky Way Galaxy. I - Longitudes 55 deg to 150 deg
The literature on all OB associations was reviewed, and their IRAS pointsource content was studied, between galactic longitude 55 and 150 deg.Only one third of the 24 associations listed by Ruprecht et al. (1981)have been the subject of individual studies designed to identify thebrightest stars. Distances to all of these were recomputed using themethod of cluster fitting of the B main sequence stars, which makes itpoossible to reexamine the absolute magnitude calibration of the Ostars, as well as for the red supergiant candidate stars. Also examinedwas the composite HR diagram for these associations. Associations withthe best defined main sequences, which also tend to contain very youngclusters, referred to here as OB clusters, have extremely few evolved Band A or red supergiants. Associations with poorly defined mainsequences and few OB clusters have many more evolved stars. They alsoshow an effect in the upper HR diagram referred to as a ledge byFitzpatrick and Garmany (1990) in similar data for the Large MagellanicCloud. It is suggested that the differences in the associations are notjust observational selection effects but represent real differences inage and formation history.
| Variability and theoretical upper limit of the mass loss rate in OB-stars
Solutions of the stellar wind equations for 70 O-type and 19 B-typeindividual stars are presented. The calculated mass loss rates M,terminal velocities v(infinity) and line profiles are compared with theobserved ones. It is shown that a theoretical upper limit of the massloss rate exists. Wind variability in connection with this critical massloss rate is discussed.
| Photoelectric photometry of OB stars in the Vilnius system
Not Available
| Models for the radiatively driven stellar wind of early-type stars
The radiatively driven wind theory does not correctly predict theobserved values of the terminal velocity and the mass loss rate ofearly-type stars. This paper investigates the influence of some of theassumptions on these discrepancies. Consideration is given to rotation,limb-darkening, errors in the oscillator strengths, and changes in theabundances. Although no single effect can explain the discrepancy in theterminal velocity, a combination of effects probably can. However, thefactor of two by which the theory underestimates the mass loss rates.But taking into account the uncertainty on the observed values, it isperhaps possible that the theoretical predictions are still reasonablycorrect. This would have important consequences for the evolution ofmassive stars.
| Mass loss of early-type stars - A comparison of theory with observational data
A comparison of theoretical calculations of stellar wind dynamics withobservational data for 62 stars is carried out. A conclusion about thenonstationary regulation mechanisms of the mass loss rate is made on thebasis of obtained solutions.
| Terminal velocities for a large sample of O stars, B supergiants, and Wolf-Rayet stars
It is argued that easily measured, reliable estimates of terminalvelocities for early-type stars are provided by the central velocityasymptotically approached by narrow absorption features and by theviolet limit of zero residual intensity in saturated P Cygni profiles.These estimators are used to determine terminal velocities, v(infinity),for 181 O stars, 70 early B supergiants, and 35 Wolf-Rayet stars. For OBstars, the values are typically 15-20 percent smaller than the extremeviolet edge velocities, v(edge), while for WR stars v(infinity) = 0.76v(edge) on average. New mass-loss rates for WR stars which are thermalradio emitters are given, taking into account the new terminalvelocities and recent revisions to estimates of distances and to themean nuclear mass per electron. The relationships between v(infinity),the surface escape velocities, and effective temperatures are examined.
| The upper main sequence of OB associations. II - The single-lined O stars: Spectral classification of northern stars and lines of C and N
The properties of the stars close to the upper main sequence of OBassociations are studied in order to provide constraints on the theoryof evolution of massive stars. The spectral classification of northernsingle-lined O stars, most of them belonging to the associations CygOB1, Per OB1 and Cas OB6, is presented. The classification is performedaccording to Conti's classification scheme for O stars, amended byMathys (1988). The behavior of the C and N lines of the stars isstudied, in order to determine whether CNO-processed material is visibleat their surface. Three new ON stars have been discovered: BD + 36 deg4063 (O9.71), HD 13268 (O8V), and HD 110360 (O7V).
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| Takýmyýldýz: | Kahraman |
| Sað Açýklýk: | 02h09m02.47s |
| Yükselim: | +57°55'55.9" |
| Görünürdeki Parlaklýk: | 8.975 |
| özdevim Sað Açýklýk: | -4.5 |
| özdevim Yükselim: | 0.4 |
| B-T magnitude: | 9.19 |
| V-T magnitude: | 8.993 |
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