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Prospects for population synthesis in the H band: NeMo grids of stellar atmospheres compared to observations
Context: .For applications in population synthesis, libraries oftheoretical stellar spectra are often considered an alternative totemplate libraries of observed spectra, because they allow a completesampling of stellar parameters. Most of the attention in publishedtheoretical spectral libraries has been devoted to the visual wavelengthrange.Aims.The goal of the present work is to explore the near-infraredrange where few observed fully calibrated spectra and no theoreticallibraries are available.Methods.We make a detailed comparison oftheoretical spectra in the range 1.57-1.67 μm for spectral types fromA to early M and for giant and dwarf stars, with observed stellarspectra at resolutions around 3000, which would be sufficient todisentangle the different groups of late-type stars. We selected theNeMo grids of stellar atmospheres to perform this comparison.Results.Wefirst demonstrate that observed spectral flux distributions can bematched very well with theoretical ones for almost the entire parameterrange covered by the NeMo grids at moderate resolution in the visualrange. In the infrared range, although the overall shape of the observedflux distributions still matches reasonably well, the individualspectral features are reproduced by the theoretical spectra only forstars earlier than mid F type. For later spectral types the differencesincrease, and theoretical spectra of K type stars have systematicallyweaker line features than those found in observations. Thesediscrepancies are traced back to stem primarily from incomplete data onneutral atomic lines, although some of them are also related tomolecules.Conclusions.Libraries of theoretical spectra for A to early Mtype stars can be successfully used in the visual regions for populationsynthesis, but their application in the infrared is restricted to earlyand intermediate type stars. Improving atomic data in the near infraredis a key element in making the construction of reliable libraries ofstellar spectra feasible in the infrared.
| The Fornax spectroscopic survey. I. Survey strategy and preliminary results on the redshift distribution of a complete sample of stars and galaxies
The Fornax Spectroscopic Survey will use the Two degree Fieldspectrograph (2dF) of the Anglo-Australian Telescope to obtain spectrafor a complete sample of all 14000 objects with 16.5 <= bj<= 19.7 in a 12 square degree area centred on the Fornax Cluster. Theaims of this project include the study of dwarf galaxies in the cluster(both known low surface brightness objects and putative normal surfacebrightness dwarfs) and a comparison sample of background field galaxies.We will also measure quasars and other active galaxies, any previouslyunrecognised compact galaxies and a large sample of Galactic stars. Byselecting all objects--both stars and galaxies--independent ofmorphology, we cover a much larger range of surface brightness and scalesize than previous surveys. In this paper we first describe the designof the survey. Our targets are selected from UK Schmidt Telescope skysurvey plates digitised by the Automated Plate Measuring (APM) facility.We then describe the photometric and astrometric calibration of thesedata and show that the APM astrometry is accurate enough for use withthe 2dF. We also describe a general approach to object identificationusing cross-correlations which allows us to identify and classify bothstellar and galaxy spectra. We present results from the first 2dF field.Redshift distributions and velocity structures are shown for allobserved objects in the direction of Fornax, including Galactic stars,galaxies in and around the Fornax Cluster, and for the background galaxypopulation. The velocity data for the stars show the contributions fromthe different Galactic components, plus a small tail to high velocities.We find no galaxies in the foreground to the cluster in our 2dF field.The Fornax Cluster is clearly defined kinematically. The mean velocityfrom the 26 cluster members having reliable redshifts is 1560 +/- 80\:km\:s-1. They show a velocity dispersion of 380 +/- 50\:km\:s-1. Large-scale structure can be traced behind thecluster to a redshift beyond z=0.3. Background compact galaxies and lowsurface brightness galaxies are found to follow the general galaxydistribution.
| A new library of stellar optical spectra
Attention is given to a new digital optical stellar library consistingof spectra covering 3510-8930 R at 11-A resolution for 72 differentstellar types. These types extend over the spectral classes O-M andluminosity classes I-V. Most spectra are of solar metallicity stars butsome metal-rich and metal-poor spectra are included. This new library isquantitatively compared to two previously published libraries. It offersseveral advantages over them: it is photometrically well-calibratedindividually and consistently from star to star. Good temperature andluminosity coverage has been achieved. The incorporation of stars withwell-determined temperature, metallicity, and surface gravity parametersincreases the accuracy of the spectral type assigned to each compositelibrary star.
| Halo blue horizontal branch stars - Spectroscopy in two fields
Results are presented of spectroscopic observations at 2-A resolution of44 stars in two fields. A total of 39 are identified as blue horizontalbranch (BHB) stars, RR Lyrae, or main-sequence A stars. The candidateswere selected by color from digitized UK Schmidt direct plates and bythe presence of a strong Balmer discontinuity in their objective prismspectra. Velocities and distances are measured for each of the BHBcandidates. At moderate spectral dispersion the distinction betweenmain-sequence A stars and horizontal branch stars cannot be made on thebasis of hydrogen linewidths alone. Four stars at a distance of 30 kpcin one field are found to have a velocity dispersion of less than 12km/s, and a systematic velocity of 70 km/s with respect to the Galacticrest frame. These stars are not bound to each other but may be thestellar remnants of a recently disrupted halo cluster.
| A library of stellar spectra
Spectra for 161 stars having spectral classes O-M and luminosity classesV, III, and I have been incorporated into a library available onmagnetic tape. The spectra extend from 3510 to 7427 A at a resolution ofabout 4.5 A. The typical photometric uncertainty of each resolutionelement in the spectra is on the order of 1 percent while broad-bandvariations are smaller than 3 percent. Potential uses for the libraryinclude population synthesis of galaxies and clusters, tests of stellaratmosphere models, spectral classification, and the generation of colorindices having arbitrary wavelength and bandpass.
| La mesure des vitesses radiales au prisme objectif. IX - 3e liste de vitesses radiales déterminées au prisme objectif à vision directe
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