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The Luminosity and Mass Functions of Low-Mass Stars in the Galactic Disk. I. The Calibration Region
We present measurements of the luminosity and mass functions of low-massstars constructed from a catalog of matched Sloan Digital Sky Survey(SDSS) and Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) detections. Thisphotometric catalog contains more than 25,000 matched SDSS and 2MASSpoint sources spanning ~30 deg2 on the sky. We have obtainedfollow-up spectroscopy, complete to J = 16, of more than 500 low-massdwarf candidates within a 1 deg2 subsample, and thousands ofadditional dwarf candidates in the remaining 29 deg2. Thisspectroscopic sample verifies that the photometric sample is complete,uncontaminated, and unbiased at the 99% level globally, and at the 95%level in each color range. We use this sample to derive the luminosityand mass functions of low-mass stars over nearly a decade in mass (0.7 Msun > M * > 0.1 M sun). Theluminosity function of the Galactic disk is statistically consistentwith that measured from volume-complete samples in the solarneighborhood. We find that the logarithmically binned mass function isbest fit with an Mc = 0.29 log-normal distribution, with a90% confidence interval of Mc = 0.20-0.50. These 90%confidence intervals correspond to linearly binned mass functionspeaking between 0.27 M sun and 0.12 M sun, wherethe best fit MF turns over at 0.17 M sun. A power-law fit tothe entire mass range sampled here, however, returns a best fit ofα = 1.1 (where the Salpeter slope is α = 2.35); a brokenpower law returns α = 2.04 at masses greater than log M =-0.5 (M = 0.32 M sun), and α = 0.2 at lowermasses. These results agree well with most previous investigations,though differences in the analytic formalisms adopted to describe thosemass functions, as well as the range over which the data are fit, cangive the false impression of disagreement. Given the richness ofmodern-day astronomical data sets, we are entering the regime wherebystronger conclusions can be drawn by comparing the actual datapointsmeasured in different mass functions, rather than the results ofanalytic analyses that impose structure on the data a priori. Havingvalidated this method to generate a low-mass luminosity function frommatched SDSS/2MASS data sets, future studies will extend this techniqueto the entirety of the SDSS footprint.Based in part on observations obtained with the Apache Point Observatory3.5 m telescope, which is owned and operated by the AstrophysicalResearch Consortium.
| The effect of activity on stellar temperatures and radii
Context: Recent analyses of low-mass eclipsing binary stars haveunveiled a significant disagreement between the observations andpredictions of stellar structure models. Results show that theoreticalmodels underestimate the radii and overestimate the effectivetemperatures of low-mass stars but yield luminosities that accord withobservations. A hypothesis based upon the effects of stellar activitywas put forward to explain the discrepancies. Aims: In this paper westudy the existence of the same trend in single active stars and providea consistent scenario to explain systematic differences between activeand inactive stars in the H-R diagram reported earlier. Methods: Theanalysis is done using single field stars of spectral types late-K and Mand computing their bolometric magnitudes and temperatures throughinfrared colours and spectral indices. The properties of the stars insamples of active and inactive stars are compared statistically toreveal systematic differences. Results: After accounting for a numberof possible bias effects, active stars are shown to be cooler thaninactive stars of similar luminosity therefore implying a larger radiusas well, in proportions that are in excellent agreement with those foundfrom eclipsing binaries. Conclusions: The present results generalisethe existence of strong radius and temperature dependences on stellaractivity to the entire population of low-mass stars, regardless of theirmembership in close binary systems.Tables 1 and 2 are only available in electronic form at the CDS viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/478/507
| The Distance of the First Overtone RR Lyrae Variables in the MACHO Large Magellanic Cloud Database: a New Method to Correct for the Effects of Crowding
Previous studies have indicated that many of the RR Lyrae variables inthe LMC have properties similar to those in the Galactic globularcluster M3. Assuming that the M3 RR Lyrae variables follow the samerelationships among period, temperature, amplitude, and Fourier phaseparameter phi31 as their LMC counterparts, we have used theM3 phi31-log P relation to identify the M3-like unevolvedfirst overtone RR Lyrae variables in 16 MACHO fields near the LMC bar.The temperatures of these variables were calculated from the M3 logP-log T eff relation so that the extinction could be derivedfor each star separately. Since blended stars have lower amplitudes fora given period, the period-amplitude relation should be a useful toolfor determining which stars are affected by crowding. We find that thelow-amplitude LMC RR1 stars are brighter than the stars that fit the M3period-amplitude relation and we estimate that at least 40% of the starsare blended. Simulated data for three of the crowded stars illustratethat an unresolved companion with V ~ 20.5 could account for theobserved amplitude and magnitude. We derive a corrected mean apparentmagnitude langV0rang = 19.01 ± 0.10 (extinction)±0.02 (calibration) for the 51 uncrowded unevolved M3-like RR1variables. Assuming that the unevolved RR1 variables in M3 have a meanabsolute magnitude MV = 0.52 ± 0.02 leads to an LMCdistance modulus μ = 18.49 ± 0.11.
| A Catalog of Northern Stars with Annual Proper Motions Larger than 0.15" (LSPM-NORTH Catalog)
The LSPM catalog is a comprehensive list of 61,977 stars north of theJ2000 celestial equator that have proper motions larger than 0.15"yr-1 (local-background-stars frame). The catalog has beengenerated primarily as a result of our systematic search for high propermotion stars in the Digitized Sky Surveys using our SUPERBLINK software.At brighter magnitudes, the catalog incorporates stars and data from theTycho-2 Catalogue and also, to a lesser extent, from the All-SkyCompiled Catalogue of 2.5 million stars. The LSPM catalog considerablyexpands over the old Luyten (Luyten Half-Second [LHS] and New LuytenTwo-Tenths [NLTT]) catalogs, superseding them for northern declinations.Positions are given with an accuracy of <~100 mas at the 2000.0epoch, and absolute proper motions are given with an accuracy of ~8 masyr-1. Corrections to the local-background-stars propermotions have been calculated, and absolute proper motions in theextragalactic frame are given. Whenever available, we also give opticalBT and VT magnitudes (from Tycho-2, ASCC-2.5),photographic BJ, RF, and IN magnitudes(from USNO-B1 catalog), and infrared J, H, and Ks magnitudes(from 2MASS). We also provide an estimated V magnitude and V-J color fornearly all catalog entries, useful for initial classification of thestars. The catalog is estimated to be over 99% complete at high Galacticlatitudes (|b|>15deg) and over 90% complete at lowGalactic latitudes (|b|>15deg), down to a magnitudeV=19.0, and has a limiting magnitude V=21.0. All the northern starslisted in the LHS and NLTT catalogs have been reidentified, and theirpositions, proper motions, and magnitudes reevaluated. The catalog alsolists a large number of completely new objects, which promise to expandvery significantly the census of red dwarfs, subdwarfs, and white dwarfsin the vicinity of the Sun.Based on data mining of the Digitized Sky Surveys (DSSs), developed andoperated by the Catalogs and Surveys Branch of the Space TelescopeScience Institute (STScI), Baltimore.Developed with support from the National Science Foundation (NSF), aspart of the NASA/NSF NStars program.
| Improved Astrometry and Photometry for the Luyten Catalog. II. Faint Stars and the Revised Catalog
We complete construction of a catalog containing improved astrometry andnew optical/infrared photometry for the vast majority of NLTT starslying in the overlap of regions covered by POSS I and by the secondincremental Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) release, approximately 44%of the sky. The epoch 2000 positions are typically accurate to 130 mas,the proper motions to 5.5 mas yr-1, and the V-J colors to0.25 mag. Relative proper motions of binary components are measured to 3mas yr-1. The false-identification rate is ~1% for11<~V<~18 and substantially less at brighter magnitudes. Theseimprovements permit the construction of a reduced proper-motion diagramthat, for the first time, allows one to classify NLTT stars intomain-sequence (MS) stars, subdwarfs (SDs), and white dwarfs (WDs). We inturn use this diagram to analyze the properties of both our catalog andthe NLTT catalog on which it is based. In sharp contrast to popularbelief, we find that NLTT incompleteness in the plane is almostcompletely concentrated in MS stars, and that SDs and WDs are detectedalmost uniformly over the sky δ>-33deg. Our catalogwill therefore provide a powerful tool to probe these populationsstatistically, as well as to reliably identify individual SDs and WDs.
| Hipparcos red stars in the HpV_T2 and V I_C systems
For Hipparcos M, S, and C spectral type stars, we provide calibratedinstantaneous (epoch) Cousins V - I color indices using newly derivedHpV_T2 photometry. Three new sets of ground-based Cousins V I data havebeen obtained for more than 170 carbon and red M giants. These datasetsin combination with the published sources of V I photometry served toobtain the calibration curves linking Hipparcos/Tycho Hp-V_T2 with theCousins V - I index. In total, 321 carbon stars and 4464 M- and S-typestars have new V - I indices. The standard error of the mean V - I isabout 0.1 mag or better down to Hp~9 although it deteriorates rapidly atfainter magnitudes. These V - I indices can be used to verify thepublished Hipparcos V - I color indices. Thus, we have identified ahandful of new cases where, instead of the real target, a random fieldstar has been observed. A considerable fraction of the DMSA/C and DMSA/Vsolutions for red stars appear not to be warranted. Most likely suchspurious solutions may originate from usage of a heavily biased color inthe astrometric processing.Based on observations from the Hipparcos astrometric satellite operatedby the European Space Agency (ESA 1997).}\fnmsep\thanks{Table 7 is onlyavailable in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp tocdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/397/997
| An H-alpha survey of neglected Vyssotsky Catalog stars
Consideration is given to a significant number of Vyssotsky K- andM-dwarfs that have either no published radial velocity (71 stars), or avelocity based on a single measure (22), or with an uncertaintly greaterthan 5 km/s (19). An 'in flare' observation of Vys 250A compared to itsquiescent state, and an example of the double-lined phase of Vys 250Bare illustrated. Mean values from the observations are given in tabularform.
| The Palomar/MSU Nearby Star Spectroscopic Survey.II.The Southern M Dwarfs and Investigation of Magnetic Activity
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1996AJ....112.2799H&db_key=AST
| Vitesses radiales. Catalogue WEB: Wilson Evans Batten. Subtittle: Radial velocities: The Wilson-Evans-Batten catalogue.
We give a common version of the two catalogues of Mean Radial Velocitiesby Wilson (1963) and Evans (1978) to which we have added the catalogueof spectroscopic binary systems (Batten et al. 1989). For each star,when possible, we give: 1) an acronym to enter SIMBAD (Set ofIdentifications Measurements and Bibliography for Astronomical Data) ofthe CDS (Centre de Donnees Astronomiques de Strasbourg). 2) the numberHIC of the HIPPARCOS catalogue (Turon 1992). 3) the CCDM number(Catalogue des Composantes des etoiles Doubles et Multiples) byDommanget & Nys (1994). For the cluster stars, a precise study hasbeen done, on the identificator numbers. Numerous remarks point out theproblems we have had to deal with.
| The Palomar/MSU Nearby-Star Spectroscopic Survey. I. The Northern M Dwarfs -Bandstrengths and Kinematics
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1995AJ....110.1838R&db_key=AST
| The general catalogue of trigonometric [stellar] paralaxes
Not Available
| Photometry of dwarf K and M stars
An observational program using UBVRI photometry is presented for 688stars from among the dwarf K and M stars already found spectroscopicallyby Vyssotsky (1958). Of these, 211 have not been observedphotometrically. These observations were obtained over a period ofseveral years at the Kitt Peak National Observatory using a GaAsphotomultiplier with an 0.9 m reflector. Based on night-to-nightvariations in the measures of individual stars, the internal errors maybe estimated to be roughly 0.01 mag for the colors and 0.015 for the Vmagnitudes. The photometric parallaxes reported for each star werecomputed in the manner discussed by Weis (1986).
| Preliminary Version of the Third Catalogue of Nearby Stars
Not Available
| UBVRI photoelectric photometry of high proper motion stars
UBVRI photoelectric photometry is presented for 269 late spectral type,high proper motion stars belonging to the 'Lowell Proper Motion Survey'and included in the present version of the Hipparcos Input Catalogue.The observations and data reduction are described. The external errorsobtained by comparison of the results with those obtained in otherstudies are presented.
| The radial velocities of 166 red dwarf stars.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1954AJ.....59..218D&db_key=AST
| Dwarf M Stars Found Spectrophotometrically. Second List.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1946ApJ...104..234V&db_key=AST
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