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Mass loss and orbital period decrease in detached chromospherically active binaries
The secular evolution of the orbital angular momentum (OAM), thesystemic mass (M=M1+M2) and the orbital period of114 chromospherically active binaries (CABs) were investigated afterdetermining the kinematical ages of the subsamples which were setaccording to OAM bins. OAMs, systemic masses and orbital periods wereshown to be decreasing by the kinematical ages. The first-orderdecreasing rates of OAM, systemic mass and orbital period have beendetermined as per systemic OAM, per systemic mass and per orbitalperiod, respectively, from the kinematical ages. The ratio of d logJ/dlogM= 2.68, which were derived from the kinematics of the presentsample, implies that there must be a mechanism which amplifies theangular momentum loss (AML) times in comparison to isotropic AML ofhypothetical isotropic wind from the components. It has been shown thatsimple isotropic mass loss from the surface of a component or bothcomponents would increase the orbital period.
| Statistical Constraints for Astrometric Binaries with Nonlinear Motion
Useful constraints on the orbits and mass ratios of astrometric binariesin the Hipparcos catalog are derived from the measured proper motiondifferences of Hipparcos and Tycho-2 (Δμ), accelerations ofproper motions (μ˙), and second derivatives of proper motions(μ̈). It is shown how, in some cases, statistical bounds can beestimated for the masses of the secondary components. Two catalogs ofastrometric binaries are generated, one of binaries with significantproper motion differences and the other of binaries with significantaccelerations of their proper motions. Mathematical relations betweenthe astrometric observables Δμ, μ˙, and μ̈ andthe orbital elements are derived in the appendices. We find a remarkabledifference between the distribution of spectral types of stars withlarge accelerations but small proper motion differences and that ofstars with large proper motion differences but insignificantaccelerations. The spectral type distribution for the former sample ofbinaries is the same as the general distribution of all stars in theHipparcos catalog, whereas the latter sample is clearly dominated bysolar-type stars, with an obvious dearth of blue stars. We point outthat the latter set includes mostly binaries with long periods (longerthan about 6 yr).
| The photospheric abundances of active binaries. III. Abundance peculiarities at high activity levels
We report the determination from high-resolution spectra of theatmospheric parameters and abundances of 13 chemical species (amongwhich lithium) in 8 single-lined active binaries. These data arecombined with our previous results for 6 other RS CVn systems to examinea possible relationship between the photospheric abundance patterns andthe stellar activity level. The stars analyzed are generally found toexhibit peculiar abundance ratios compared to inactive, Galactic diskstars of similar metallicities. We argue that this behaviour is unlikelyto be an artefact of errors in the determination of the atmosphericparameters or non-standard mixing processes along the red giant branch,but diagnoses instead the combined action of various physical processesrelated to activity. The most promising candidates are cool spot groupscovering a very substantial fraction of the stellar photosphere or NLTEeffects arising from nonthermal excitation. However, we cannot excludethe possibility that more general shortcomings in our understanding ofK-type stars (e.g. inadequacies in the atmospheric models) also play asignificant role. Lastly, we call attention to the unreliability of the(V-R) and (V-I) colour indices as temperature indicators inchromospherically active stars.Based on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory,Chile (Proposals 64.L-0249 and 071.D-0260).Table A.1 is only available in electronic form at the CDS via anonymousftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/426/1007
| On the determination of oxygen abundances in chromospherically active stars
We discuss oxygen abundances derived from [O I] λ6300s and the OI triplet in stars spanning a wide range in chromospheric activitylevel, and show that these two indicators yield increasingly discrepantresults with higher chromospheric/coronal activity measures. While theforbidden and permitted lines give fairly consistent results forsolar-type disk dwarfs, spuriously high O I triplet abundances areobserved in young Hyades and Pleiades stars, as well as in individualcomponents of RS CVn binaries (up to 1.8 dex). The distinct behaviour ofthe [O I]-based abundances which consistently remain near-solar suggeststhat this phenomenon mostly results from large departures from LTEaffecting the O I triplet at high activity level that are currentlyunaccounted for, but also possibly from a failure to adequately modelthe atmospheres of K-type stars. These results suggest that some cautionshould be exercised when interpreting oxygen abundances in activebinaries or young open cluster stars.Based on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory,Chile (Proposals 64.L-0249 and 071.D-0260).Table \ref{tab_data} is only available in electronic form athttp://www.edpsciences.org
| Kinematics of chromospherically active binaries and evidence of an orbital period decrease in binary evolution
The kinematics of 237 chromospherically active binaries (CABs) werestudied. The sample is heterogeneous with different orbits andphysically different components from F to M spectral-type main-sequencestars to G and K giants and supergiants. The computed U, V, W spacevelocities indicate that the sample is also heterogeneous in velocityspace. That is, both kinematically younger and older systems exist amongthe non-evolved main sequence and the evolved binaries containing giantsand subgiants. The kinematically young (0.95 Gyr) subsample (N= 95),which is formed according to the kinematical criteria of moving groups,was compared with the rest (N= 142) of the sample (3.86 Gyr) toinvestigate any observational clues of binary evolution. Comparing theorbital period histograms between the younger and older subsamples,evidence was found supporting the finding of Demircan that the CABs losemass (and angular momentum) and evolve towards shorter orbital periods.The evidence of mass loss is noticeable on the histograms of the totalmass (Mh+Mc), which is compared between theyounger (only N= 53 systems available) and older subsamples (only N= 66systems available). The orbital period decrease during binary evolutionis found to be clearly indicated by the kinematical ages of 6.69, 5.19and 3.02 Gyr which were found in the subsamples according to the periodranges of logP<= 0.8, 0.8 < logP<= 1.7 and 1.7 < logP<=3, respectively, among the binaries in the older subsample.
| Reprocessing the Hipparcos Intermediate Astrometric Data of spectroscopic binaries. II. Systems with a giant component
By reanalyzing the Hipparcos Intermediate Astrometric Data of a largesample of spectroscopic binaries containing a giant, we obtain a sampleof 29 systems fulfilling a carefully derived set of constraints andhence for which we can derive an accurate orbital solution. Of these,one is a double-lined spectroscopic binary and six were not listed inthe DMSA/O section of the catalogue. Using our solutions, we derive themasses of the components in these systems and statistically analyzethem. We also briefly discuss each system individually.Based on observations from the Hipparcos astrometric satellite operatedby the European Space Agency (ESA 1997) and on data collected with theSimbad database.
| The tidal effects on the lithium abundance of binary systems with giant component
We analyse the behavior of lithium abundance as a function of effectivetemperature, projected rotational velocity, orbital period andeccentricity for a sample of 68 binary systems with giant component andorbital period ranging from about 10 to 6400 days. For these binarysystems the Li abundances show a gradual decrease with temperature,paralleling the well established result for single giants. We have alsoobserved a dependence of lithium content on rotation. Binary systemswith moderate to high rotation present also moderate to high Li content.This study shows also that synchronized binary systems with giantcomponent seem to retain more of their original lithium than theunsynchronized systems. For orbital periods lower than 100 to 250 days,typically the period of synchronization for this kind of binary systems,lithium depleted stars seems to be unusual. The suggestion is made thatthere is an ``inhibited zone" in which synchronized binary systems withgiant component having lithium abundance lower than a threshold levelshould be unusual. Based on observations collected at ESO, La Silla.
| Stars with the Largest Hipparcos Photometric Amplitudes
A list of the 2027 stars that have the largest photometric amplitudes inHipparcos Photometry shows that most variable stars are all Miras. Thepercentage of variable types change as a function of amplitude. Thiscompilation should also be of value to photometrists looking forrelatively unstudied, but large amplitude stars.
| The ROSAT Bright Survey: II. Catalogue of all high-galactic latitude RASS sources with PSPC countrate CR > 0.2 s-1
We present a summary of an identification program of the more than 2000X-ray sources detected during the ROSAT All-Sky Survey (Voges et al.1999) at high galactic latitude, |b| > 30degr , with countrate above0.2 s-1. This program, termed the ROSAT Bright Survey RBS, isto more than 99.5% complete. A sub-sample of 931 sources with countrateabove 0.2 s-1 in the hard spectral band between 0.5 and 2.0keV is to 100% identified. The total survey area comprises 20391deg2 at a flux limit of 2.4 x 10-12 ergcm-2 s-1 in the 0.5 - 2.0 keV band. About 1500sources of the complete sample could be identified by correlating theRBS with SIMBAD and the NED. The remaining ~ 500 sources were identifiedby low-resolution optical spectroscopy and CCD imaging utilizingtelescopes at La Silla, Calar Alto, Zelenchukskaya and Mauna Kea. Apartfrom completely untouched sources, catalogued clusters and galaxieswithout published redshift as well as catalogued galaxies with unusualhigh X-ray luminosity were included in the spectroscopic identificationprogram. Details of the observations with an on-line presentation of thefinding charts and the optical spectra will be published separately.Here we summarize our identifications in a table which contains opticaland X-ray information for each source. As a result we present the mostmassive complete sample of X-ray selected AGNs with a total of 669members and a well populated X-ray selected sample of 302 clusters ofgalaxies with redshifts up to 0.70. Three fields studied by us remainwithout optical counterpart (RBS0378, RBS1223, RBS1556). While the firstis a possible X-ray transient, the two latter are isolated neutron starcandidates (Motch et al. 1999, Schwope et al. 1999).
| A catalog of rotational and radial velocities for evolved stars
Rotational and radial velocities have been measured for about 2000evolved stars of luminosity classes IV, III, II and Ib covering thespectral region F, G and K. The survey was carried out with the CORAVELspectrometer. The precision for the radial velocities is better than0.30 km s-1, whereas for the rotational velocity measurementsthe uncertainties are typically 1.0 km s-1 for subgiants andgiants and 2.0 km s-1 for class II giants and Ib supergiants.These data will add constraints to studies of the rotational behaviourof evolved stars as well as solid informations concerning the presenceof external rotational brakes, tidal interactions in evolved binarysystems and on the link between rotation, chemical abundance and stellaractivity. In this paper we present the rotational velocity v sin i andthe mean radial velocity for the stars of luminosity classes IV, III andII. Based on observations collected at the Haute--Provence Observatory,Saint--Michel, France and at the European Southern Observatory, LaSilla, Chile. Table \ref{tab5} also available in electronic form at CDSvia anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| On X-Ray Variability in Active Binary Stars
We have compared the X-ray emissions of active binary stars observed atvarious epochs by the Einstein and ROSAT satellites in order toinvestigate the nature of their X-ray variability. The primary aim ofthis work is to determine whether or not active binaries exhibitlong-term variations in X-ray emission, perhaps analogous to theobserved cyclic behavior of solar magnetic activity. We find that, whilethe mean level of emission of the sample remains steady, comparison ofdifferent ROSAT observations of the same stars shows significantvariation on timescales <~2 yr, with an ``effective variability''ΔI/I=0.32+/-0.04, where I and ΔI represent the mean emissionand variation from the mean emission, respectively. A comparison of theROSAT All-Sky Survey and later pointed observations with earlierobservations of the same stars carried out with Einstein yields onlymarginal evidence for a larger variation (ΔI/I=0.38+/-0.04 forEinstein vs. ROSAT All-Sky Survey and 0.46+/-0.05 for Einstein vs. ROSATpointed) at these longer timescales (~10 yr), thus indicating thepossible presence of a long-term component to the variability. Whetheror not this long-term component is due to the presence of cyclicvariability cannot be decided on the basis of existing data. However,assuming that this component is analogous to the observed cyclicvariability of the Sun, we find that the relative magnitude of thecyclic component in the ROSAT passband can, at most, be a factor of 4,i.e., I_cyc/I_min<4. This is to be compared with the correspondingbut significantly higher solar value of ~10-10^2 derived from GOES,Yohkoh, and Solrad data. These results are consistent with thesuggestions of earlier studies that a turbulent or distributive dynamomight be responsible for the observed magnetic activity on the mostactive, rapidly rotating stars.
| Radio star catalogue observed in San Juan (RSSJ95)
Using the data observed in San Juan with the photoelectric AstrolabeMark II of the Beijing Astronomical Observatory from February, 1992 toMarch, 1997, the radio star catalogue in San Juan(RSSJ95) has beencompiled. There are 69 radio stars in this catalogue. The positions ofthe radio stars are for the epoch of observation and the equinox J2000.0and a system close to that of the system FK5. The mean precisions are+/-2.2 ms and +/-0.035'' in right ascensions and declinations,respectively. The magnitudes of stars are from 0.9 to 10.7. Thedeclinations are from -2fdg 5 to -60(deg) . The mean epoch is 1995.1.Finally, the comparison results between the Hipparcos catalogue andRSSJ95 are given.
| The age-mass relation for chromospherically active binaries. III. Lithium depletion in giant components
We present a study of the lithium abundances of a sample of evolvedcomponents of Chromospherically Active Binary Systems. We show that asignificant part of them have lithium excesses, independently of theirmass and evolutionary stage. Therefore, it can be concluded that Liabundance does not depend on age for giant components of CABS. Theseoverabundances appear to be closely related to the stellar rotation, andwe interpret them as a consequence of the transfer of angular momentumfrom the orbit to the rotation as the stars evolve in and off the MainSequence, in a similar way as it happens in the dwarf components of thesame systems and in the Tidally Locked Binaries belonging to the Hyadesand M67. Based on observations collected with the 2.2\,m telescope ofthe German-Spanish Observatorio de Calar Alto (Almeria, Spain), and withthe 2.56\,m Nordic Optical Telescope in the Spanish Observatorio delRoque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrof\'\i sica de Canarias(La Palma, Spain)
| San Juan radio star catalogue and comparison with HIPPARCOS catalogue.
Not Available
| Accurate Positions for Radio Stars as Determined from CCD Observations in the Extragalactic Reference Frame.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1997AJ....114.1679S&db_key=AST
| The ROSAT All-Sky Survey of Active Binary Coronae. III. Quiescent Coronal Properties for the BY Draconis--Type Binaries
We present X-ray observations of 35 active late-type BY Draconis dwarfbinary systems and 28 evolved binary systems, similar in nature to theRS Canum Venaticorum systems, obtained with the Position SensitiveProportional Counter (PSPC) during the ROSAT All-Sky Survey phase of themission. Of this sample, 52 targets were detected in exposures ofroughly 600 s or less. When these new data are combined with the earlierresults from Dempsey et al. (1993b), this survey represents the largestsample of active binary systems observed to date at any wavelength,including X-rays. We expand our investigation of how coronal properties(e.g., surface flux, luminosity, etc.) correlate with stellar parameters(e.g., rotation period, color, etc.) and confirm the conclusions ofDempsey et al. (1993b). Rotation period provides the best correlationwith X-ray surface flux with F_{{X}}~P^{-0.59+/-0.10}_{{rot}} for theentire sample. We find no evidence for a "basal" or nonmagnetic X-rayflux component. We model the low-resolution pulse-height spectra for 12systems with two-temperature thermal plasmas. The derived temperaturesfor the BY Dra systems are identical to those previously derived foractive evolved giants and subgiants in close binaries (Dempsey et al.1993c). We also show that the dependence of temperature and emissionmeasures on rotation period is the same for the dwarf, subgiant, andgiant binaries.
| A new H-alpha survey of chromospherically active binaries.
Not Available
| Radio continuum emission from stars: a catalogue update.
An updated version of my catalogue of radio stars is presented. Somestatistics and availability are discussed.
| Are the Rotational Axes Perpendicular to the Orbital Planes in the Binary Systems? II. Synchronous Long-Period RS CVn Stars
Inclinations of the rotational axes, irot, are determined for37 synchronous long-period RS CVn binaries by combining v sin imeasurements with rotational period information. These inclinations arethen compared with the orbital inclinations of the systems,iorb, to test the alignment between the equatorial andorbital planes. Contrary to the asynchronous RS CVn systems (see PaperI), in all 37 cases irot is equal or nearly equal toiorb, and the assumption about coplanarity of theirequatorial and orbital planes is justified.
| The active dynamo stars: RS CVn, BY Dra, FK Com, Algol, W UMa, and T Tau
Not Available
| A catalog of chromospherically active binary stars (second edition)
The catalog contains 206 spectroscopic binary systems with at least onelate-type component that shows Ca II H and K emission in its spectrum.These systems include the classical RS CVn binaries and BY Dra binaries.The catalog summarizes information on the photometric, spectroscopic,orbital, and physical properties of the systems as well as space motionsand positions. Up to 42 'parameters' for each stellar system are listedfollowed by the appropriate reference to direct interested colleagues tothe original papers. A comprehensive selection of further informationfor each star is given in the individual notes. In addition, the catalogcontains a candidate list of 138 stars that have similar characteristicsbut are not definitely known binaries or have not had Ca II H and Kemission observed.
| Lithium in Rs-Canum Binaries and Related Chromospherically Active Stars - Part Two - Spectrum Synthesis Analysis
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1993A&A...273..194R&db_key=AST
| Statistical Analysis of a Sample of Spectroscopic Binaries Containing Late Type Giants
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1993A&A...271..125B&db_key=AST
| Radio continuum and X-ray properties of the coronae of RS Canum Venaticorum and related active binary systems
Data from circular polarization measurements are reported which yieldradio-continuum and X-ray characterizations of the coronae of activebinaries including RS CVn. The circular polarization measurements aretaken at 6 cm for 28 binary systems detected at flux densities of morethan 0.7 mJy, and the data are examined in conjunction with those byDrake et al. (1989). Optical positions are derived for 8 RS CVn objects,three previous detections are confirmed, and seven sources are shown tohave circular polarization at levels of 2-13 percent. A total of 49X-ray sources are confirmed in a total of 190 positions, and thecorrelation between X-ray and radio emissions is analyzed. Noobservational evidence exists to support the notion that radio and X-rayemissions are due to nonthermal electrons, and the data provide evidencefor and against thermal gyrosynchrotron radio emission.
| Kinematics and age of RS Canum Venaticorum and by Draconis stars
Space velocities of 146 chromospherically active binary stars have beencalculated. Containing F-M spectral types on the main sequence togetherwith G and K giants and subgiants, this very heterogeneous sample hasbeen divided into groups in order to segregate stars which have similarkinematics and ages. After many trials for different criteria, thesample was divided into five groups - two groups for giants, two groupsfor main-sequence systems, and one group for main-sequence systems.Kinematics of subgiants implies a stellar age of about 2-3 Gyr. Youngand old groups of giants and main-sequence systems could becharacterized by a kinematical age of about 1 Gyr and more than 5 Gyr,respectively. These ages are estimated approximately according to spacevelocity distributions and dispersions in velocity space in each group.Inferred ages for the groups above agrees with circulation, rotationactivity relation, and stellar evolution theories.
| Lithium in RS CVn binaries and related chromospherically active stars. I - Observational results
The present survey of the Li I 6708 A line in a sample of spectral typeG and K stars with luminosity classes III, IV, and V shows that manyK-type stars in the sample, including a large number of RS CVn binaries,show an anomalously high Li abundance relative to typical inactive starsof the same spectral type. Only a few stars in the sample are likely tobe premain sequence objects of stars which have recently arrived on themain sequence. Mechanisms that could lead to the enhanced Li absorptionin chromospherically active stars are discussed; these encompass largecool spots on the stellar surface, the production of Li in stellarflares by spallation reactions, and the evolution from main-sequenceprogenitors without, or with very shallow, outer convective zones.
| Optical positions of radiostars. III
Precise optical positions, relative to either the Perth 70 or the AGK3Rcatalog have been obtained for 44 radiostars proposed to the Hipparcosobserving list. Precision levels between 0.17 and 0.28 arcsec wereobtained.
| An astrometric catalogue of radio stars
The first part is presented of a radio star catalog encompassing 186objects whose selection was guided by the priority criteria of theHipparchos Input Catalogue Consortium. Since these criteria are wellsuited to the need for linkage of ground-based optical systems to radioreference frames, this first selection is also considered a suitablebase for the catalog. Seventeen categories of stellar parameters arefurnished for each of the stars, including optical and radio positions,optical and radio parallax, radial velocity, type of variability, andoptical structure.
| Photometry of 50 suspected variable stars
Fifty stars have been chosen as suspected variable stars and analyzedfor variability. A large portion of this sample are stars that areeither proved active chromosphere stars or are candidates for suchactivity. The photometric data base consists of differential Vmeasurements of the Vanderbilt 16 inch (41 cm) automatic photoelectrictelescope and 25 observers at 26 observatories worldwide. Publishedphotometric data have also been utilized, with proper adjustments madeto ensure that all magnitudes are differential. Searches for photometricperiod, amplitudes, and times of minimum light showed 68 percent of thesample to be photometrically variable with periods found for 34. Twostars were deemed norvariable for the period of observation. Conclusivestatements could not be made concerning the photometric variability ofthe 14 remaining stars.
| A survey of the radio continuum emission of RS Canum Venaticorum and related active binary systems
Observations of 77 RS CVn and related active binary systems were madewith VLA at a continuum frequency of 4.86 GHz. The results are combinedwith other VLA observations to produce a total number of observedsources of 122. A search for correlations of radio properties withvarious systemic and stellar parameters is performed. Significantcorrelations are found between the normalized radio luminosityL(6)/L(bol) and the normalized soft X-ray luminosity L(x)/L(bol). It issuggested that the close correlation between low-level 6-cm emission andthe hot component of the soft X-ray emission observed by the Einsteinsolid state spectrometer is caused by both emissions being produced bythe same thermal electrons.
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