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Infrared photometry and evolution of mass-losing AGB stars. II. Luminosity and colors of MS and S stars
Context: Asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phases mark the end of theevolution for low- and intermediate-mass stars. Our understanding of themechanisms through which they eject the envelope and our assessment oftheir contribution to the mass return to the interstellar medium and tothe chemical evolution of Galaxies are hampered by poor knowledge oftheir luminosities and mass loss rates, both for C-rich and for O-richsources. Aims: We plan to establish criteria permitting a morequantitative determination of luminosities (and subsequently of massloss rates) for the various types of AGB stars on the basis of infraredfluxes. In this paper, in particular, we concentrate on O-rich ands-element-rich MS, S stars and include a small sample of SC stars. Methods: We reanalyze the absolute bolometric magnitudes and colors ofMS, S, SC stars on the basis of a sample of intrinsic (single) andextrinsic (binary) long period variables. We derive bolometriccorrections as a function of near- and mid-infrared colors, adopting asreferences a group of stars for which the spectral energy distributioncould be reconstructed in detail over a large wavelength range. Wedetermine the absolute HR diagrams, and compare luminosities and colorsof S-type giants with those, previously derived, of C-rich AGB stars.Luminosity estimates are also verified on the basis of existingperiod-luminosity relations valid for O-rich Miras. Results: S starbolometric luminosities are almost indistinguishable from those ofC-rich AGB stars. On the contrary, their circumstellar envelopes arethinner and less opaque. Despite this last property the IR wavelengthsremain dominant, with the bluest stars having their maximum emission inthe H or K(short) bands. Near-to-mid infrared color differences are inany case smaller than for C stars. Based on period-luminosity relationsfor O-rich Miras and on Magnitude-color relations for the same variableswe show how approximate distances (hence intrinsic parameters) forsources of so far unknown parallax can be inferred. We argue that mostof the sources have a rather small mass (<2 Mȯ);dredge-up might then be not effective enough to let the C/O ratio exceedunity.Tables [see full textsee full textsee full textsee full textsee fulltextsee full text]-[see full textsee full textsee full textsee fulltextsee full textsee full text] are only available in electronic form athttp://www.aanda.org Tables 11 and 12 are only available in electronicform at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5)or via http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/488/675
| Two Micron All Sky Survey, Infrared Astronomical Satellite, and Midcourse Space Experiment Color Properties of Intrinsic and Extrinsic S Stars
We attempt to select new candidate intrinsic and extrinsic S stars inthe General Catalogue of Galactic S Stars (GCGSS) by combining data fromthe Two Micron All Sky Survey, the Infrared Astronomical Satellite, andthe Midcourse Space Experiment. Catalog entries are cross-identified,yielding 528 objects, out of which 29 are known extrinsic S stars and 31are known intrinsic S stars. Their color-color diagrams,(H-[12])-(K-[12]) and (K-[12])-(J-[25]), are drawn and used to identifya new sample of 147 extrinsic and 256 intrinsic S star candidates, whilethe nature of 65 stars remains identified. We infer that about 38%+/-10%of the GCGSS objects are of extrinsic type. Moreover, we think thatcolors such as J-[25] can be used to split off the two categories of Sstars, while single colors are not appropriate. The color-colordiagrams, such as (H-[12])-(K-[12]) and (K-[12])-(J-[25]), are proven tobe powerful tools for distinguishing the two kinds of S stars.
| Hipparcos red stars in the HpV_T2 and V I_C systems
For Hipparcos M, S, and C spectral type stars, we provide calibratedinstantaneous (epoch) Cousins V - I color indices using newly derivedHpV_T2 photometry. Three new sets of ground-based Cousins V I data havebeen obtained for more than 170 carbon and red M giants. These datasetsin combination with the published sources of V I photometry served toobtain the calibration curves linking Hipparcos/Tycho Hp-V_T2 with theCousins V - I index. In total, 321 carbon stars and 4464 M- and S-typestars have new V - I indices. The standard error of the mean V - I isabout 0.1 mag or better down to Hp~9 although it deteriorates rapidly atfainter magnitudes. These V - I indices can be used to verify thepublished Hipparcos V - I color indices. Thus, we have identified ahandful of new cases where, instead of the real target, a random fieldstar has been observed. A considerable fraction of the DMSA/C and DMSA/Vsolutions for red stars appear not to be warranted. Most likely suchspurious solutions may originate from usage of a heavily biased color inthe astrometric processing.Based on observations from the Hipparcos astrometric satellite operatedby the European Space Agency (ESA 1997).}\fnmsep\thanks{Table 7 is onlyavailable in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp tocdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/397/997
| The Henize sample of S stars. IV. New symbiotic stars
The properties of the few symbiotic stars detected among the 66 binary Sstars from the Henize sample are discussed. Two stars (Hen 18 and Hen121) exhibit both a strong blue-violet continuum and strongHalpha emission (FWHM of 70 km s-1), whereas Hen134 and 137 exhibit weak Halpha emission. TheHalpha profiles are typical of non-dusty symbiotic starsbelonging to class S-3 as defined by Van Winckel et al. (1993, A&AS102, 401). In that class as in the Henize symbiotic S stars, He I, [NII] or [S II] emission lines are absent, suggesting that the nebulardensity is high but the excitation rather low. The radial velocity ofthe centre of the Halpha emission is identical to that of thecompanion star (at least for Hen 121 where this can be checked from theavailable orbital elements), thus suggesting that the Halphaemission originates in gas moving with the companion star. For Hen 121,this is further confirmed by the disappearance of the ultraviolet Balmercontinuum when the companion is eclipsed by the S star. Hen 121 is thusthe second eclipsing binary star discovered among extrinsic S stars (thefirst one is HD 35155). A comparison of the available data on orbitalperiods and Halpha emission leads to the conclusion thatHalpha emission in s stars seems to be restricted to binarysystems with periods in the range 600-1000 d, in agreement with thesituation prevailing for red symbiotic stars (excluding symbioticnovae). Symbiotic S stars are found among the most evolved extrinsic Sstars. Based on observations carried out at the European SouthernObservatory (ESO, La Silla, Chile; program 60.E-0805) and at the Swiss70 cm telescope (La Silla, Chile).
| New periodic variables from the Hipparcos epoch photometry
Two selection statistics are used to extract new candidate periodicvariables from the epoch photometry of the Hipparcos catalogue. Theprimary selection criterion is a signal-to-noise ratio. The dependenceof this statistic on the number of observations is calibrated usingabout 30000 randomly permuted Hipparcos data sets. A significance levelof 0.1 per cent is used to extract a first batch of candidate variables.The second criterion requires that the optimal frequency be unaffectedif the data are de-trended by low-order polynomials. We find 2675 newcandidate periodic variables, of which the majority (2082) are from theHipparcos`unsolved' variables. Potential problems with theinterpretation of the data (e.g. aliasing) are discussed.
| The Henize sample of S stars. II. Data
This paper presents data collected on the Henize sample of 205 S stars:(i) CORAVEL radial-velocity data; (ii) photometric data in the UBV bandsof the Geneva photometric system; (iii) photometric data in the JHKLbands of the SAAO photometric system; (iv) IRAS fluxes; (v)low-resolution spectra of 158 S stars. Close visual companions have beenfound for Hen 47, 94, 105 and 155. Spectroscopic orbital elements areprovided for Hen 2, 108, 121, 137 and 147. The analysis of these data ispresented in a companion paper. Based on observations carried out at theEuropean Southern Observatory (ESO, La Silla, Chile), at the 70~cm Swisstelescope at ESO and at the South African Astronomical Observatory.
| The 74th Special Name-list of Variable Stars
We present the Name-list introducing GCVS names for 3153 variable starsdiscovered by the Hipparcos mission.
| The HIPPARCOS Hertzsprung-Russell diagram of S stars: probing nucleosynthesis and dredge-up
HIPPARCOS trigonometrical parallaxes make it possible to compare thelocation of Tc-rich and Tc-poor S stars in the Hertzsprung-Russell (HR)diagram: Tc-rich S stars are found to be cooler and intrinsicallybrighter than Tc-poor S stars. The comparison with the Genevaevolutionary tracks reveals that the line marking the onset of thermalpulses on the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) matches well the observedlimit between Tc-poor and Tc-rich S stars. Tc-rich S stars are, asexpected, identified with thermally-pulsing AGB stars of low andintermediate masses, whereas Tc-poor S stars comprise mostly low-massstars (with the exception of 57 Peg) located either on the red giantbranch or on the early AGB. Like barium stars, Tc-poor S stars are knownto belong exclusively to binary systems, and their location in the HRdiagram is consistent with the average mass of 1.6+/-0.2 Msb ȯderived from their orbital mass-function distribution (Jorissen et al.1997, A&A, submitted). A comparison with the S stars identified inthe Magellanic Clouds and in the Fornax dwarf elliptical galaxy revealsthat they have luminosities similar to the galactic Tc-rich S stars.However, most of the surveys of S stars in the external systems did notreach the lower luminosities at which galactic Tc-poor S stars arefound. The deep Westerlund survey of carbon stars in the SMC uncovered afamily of faint carbon stars that may be the analogues of thelow-luminosity, galactic Tc-poor S stars. Based on data from theHIPPARCOS astrometry satellite
| Classification and Identification of IRAS Sources with Low-Resolution Spectra
IRAS low-resolution spectra were extracted for 11,224 IRAS sources.These spectra were classified into astrophysical classes, based on thepresence of emission and absorption features and on the shape of thecontinuum. Counterparts of these IRAS sources in existing optical andinfrared catalogs are identified, and their optical spectral types arelisted if they are known. The correlations between thephotospheric/optical and circumstellar/infrared classification arediscussed.
| A catalogue of associations between IRAS sources and S stars.
Cross identifications between the General Catalogue of Galactic S Stars(GCGSS), the IRAS Point Source Catalogue (PSC), and the Guide StarCatalogue (GSC) are presented. The purpose of the present catalogue isi) to provide a clean sample of S stars with far-IR data, and ii) toprovide accurate GSC positions for S stars, superseding those listed inthe GCGSS. The IRAS colour-colour diagram and the galactic distributionof S stars associated with an IRAS source are presented. Several S starshaving extended images in at least one IRAS band have also beenidentified.
| Circumstellar Properties of S Stars. I. Dust Features
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1993ApJ...416..769C&db_key=AST
| A General Catalogue of Galactic S-Stars - ED.2
Not Available
| A general catalogue of S stars.
Not Available
| A spectral survey of the southern Milky Way 1 : general description and catalogue 1 (l=306 -318 degrees).
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1974A&AS...16..445S&db_key=AST
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