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Local kinematics of K and M giants from CORAVEL/Hipparcos/Tycho-2 data. Revisiting the concept of superclusters
The availability of the Hipparcos Catalogue has triggered many kinematicand dynamical studies of the solar neighbourhood. Nevertheless, thosestudies generally lacked the third component of the space velocities,i.e., the radial velocities. This work presents the kinematic analysisof 5952 K and 739 M giants in the solar neighbourhood which includes forthe first time radial velocity data from a large survey performed withthe CORAVEL spectrovelocimeter. It also uses proper motions from theTycho-2 catalogue, which are expected to be more accurate than theHipparcos ones. An important by-product of this study is the observedfraction of only 5.7% of spectroscopic binaries among M giants ascompared to 13.7% for K giants. After excluding the binaries for whichno center-of-mass velocity could be estimated, 5311 K and 719 M giantsremain in the final sample. The UV-plane constructed from these datafor the stars with precise parallaxes (σπ/π≤20%) reveals a rich small-scale structure, with several clumpscorresponding to the Hercules stream, the Sirius moving group, and theHyades and Pleiades superclusters. A maximum-likelihood method, based ona Bayesian approach, has been applied to the data, in order to make fulluse of all the available stars (not only those with precise parallaxes)and to derive the kinematic properties of these subgroups. Isochrones inthe Hertzsprung-Russell diagram reveal a very wide range of ages forstars belonging to these groups. These groups are most probably relatedto the dynamical perturbation by transient spiral waves (as recentlymodelled by De Simone et al. \cite{Simone2004}) rather than to clusterremnants. A possible explanation for the presence of younggroup/clusters in the same area of the UV-plane is that they have beenput there by the spiral wave associated with their formation, while thekinematics of the older stars of our sample has also been disturbed bythe same wave. The emerging picture is thus one of dynamical streamspervading the solar neighbourhood and travelling in the Galaxy withsimilar space velocities. The term dynamical stream is more appropriatethan the traditional term supercluster since it involves stars ofdifferent ages, not born at the same place nor at the same time. Theposition of those streams in the UV-plane is responsible for the vertexdeviation of 16.2o ± 5.6o for the wholesample. Our study suggests that the vertex deviation for youngerpopulations could have the same dynamical origin. The underlyingvelocity ellipsoid, extracted by the maximum-likelihood method afterremoval of the streams, is not centered on the value commonly acceptedfor the radial antisolar motion: it is centered on < U > =-2.78±1.07 km s-1. However, the full data set(including the various streams) does yield the usual value for theradial solar motion, when properly accounting for the biases inherent tothis kind of analysis (namely, < U > = -10.25±0.15 kms-1). This discrepancy clearly raises the essential questionof how to derive the solar motion in the presence of dynamicalperturbations altering the kinematics of the solar neighbourhood: doesthere exist in the solar neighbourhood a subset of stars having no netradial motion which can be used as a reference against which to measurethe solar motion?Based on observations performed at the Swiss 1m-telescope at OHP,France, and on data from the ESA Hipparcos astrometry satellite.Full Table \ref{taba1} is only available in electronic form at the CDSvia anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/430/165}
| Vertical distribution of Galactic disk stars. I. Kinematics and metallicity
Nearly 400 Tycho-2 stars have been observed in a 720 square degree fieldin the direction of the North Galactic Pole with the high resolutionechelle spectrograph ELODIE. Absolute magnitudes, effectivetemperatures, gravities and metallicities have been estimated, as wellas distances and 3D velocities. Most of these stars are clump giants andspan typical distances from 200 pc to 800 pc to the galactic mid-plane.This new sample, free of any kinematical and metallicity bias, is usedto investigate the vertical distribution of disk stars. The old thindisk and thick disk populations are deconvolved from thevelocity-metallicity distribution of the sample and their parameters aredetermined. The thick disk is found to have a moderate rotational lag of-51 +/- 5 km s-1 with respect to the Sun with velocityellipsoid (sigmaU , sigmaV , sigmaW )=(63+/- 6, 39+/- 4, 39+/- 4) km s-1, mean metallicity of[Fe/H] = -0.48 +/- 0.05 and a high local normalization of 15 +/- 7%.Combining this NGP sample with a local sample of giant stars from theHipparcos catalogue, the orientation of the velocity ellipsoid isinvestigated as a function of distance to the plane and metallicity. Wefind no vertex deviation for old stars, consistent with an axisymmetricGalaxy. Paper II is devoted to the dynamical analysis of the sample,puting new constraints on the vertical force perpendicular to thegalactic plane and on the total mass density in the galactic plane.Based on observations made at the Observatoire de Haute Provence(France). Data are only available in electronic form at the CDS viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.125.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/398/141
| The Tokyo PMC catalog 90-93: Catalog of positions of 6649 stars observed in 1990 through 1993 with Tokyo photoelectric meridian circle
The sixth annual catalog of the Tokyo Photoelectric Meridian Circle(PMC) is presented for 6649 stars which were observed at least two timesin January 1990 through March 1993. The mean positions of the starsobserved are given in the catalog at the corresponding mean epochs ofobservations of individual stars. The coordinates of the catalog arebased on the FK5 system, and referred to the equinox and equator ofJ2000.0. The mean local deviations of the observed positions from theFK5 catalog positions are constructed for the basic FK5 stars to comparewith those of the Tokyo PMC Catalog 89 and preliminary Hipparcos resultsof H30.
| Narrow-band photometry of G and K stars near the North Galactic Pole
Photoelectric narrow-band photometry obtained for 292 late-type starsbrighter than 10 m in the North Galactic Pole area is discussed. The g,n, k, m, f-system of Dickow et al. (1970) is used. The stars were chosenfrom two lists: (1) all stars of spectral type G5 or later in the HenryDraper Catalog (Cannon and Pickering, 1918-1924) within 15 deg of theNorth Galactic Pole, together with a few BD stars; and (2) all starsclassified as K or M giants and in Upgren's 25-31 deg zones (Upgren,1962). For most of the stars, estimates of the following quantities arederived: V-magnitude, R-I color, metal abundance, MV, and theduplicity parameter res(k).
| A kinematic and abundance survey at the galactic poles
The DDO intermediate band system is used to obtain detailed informationabout abundance gradients and velocity dispersions in the galaxy, withan emphasis on the properties of halo stars in the range of from 1 to 5kpc. The DDO abundance index is calibrated agianst (Fe/H) for metal-poorstars, with a resulting gradient of about -0.2 per kpc. However, whenthe sample is divided into two subsamples with (Fe/H) less than -0.5 andequal to or greater than -0.5, the gradients are -0.14 and 0.00,respectively. DDO observations of about 1000 stars, mostly G5-K5 giants,show that the velocity dispersion increases both with decrease inmetallicity and increase in z distance. The abundances found for high-zstars are similar to the A-star results of Rodgers (1971) in that abouthalf the K giants above 1 kpc appear to have solar abundances.
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