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Reliability Checks on the Indo-US Stellar Spectral Library Using Artificial Neural Networks and Principal Component Analysis
The Indo-US coudé feed stellar spectral library (CFLIB) madeavailable to the astronomical community recently by Valdes et al. (2004,ApJS, 152, 251) contains spectra of 1273 stars in the spectral region3460 to 9464Å at a high resolution of 1Å (FWHM) and a widerange of spectral types. Cross-checking the reliability of this databaseis an important and desirable exercise since a number of stars in thisdatabase have no known spectral types and a considerable fraction ofstars has not so complete coverage in the full wavelength region of3460-9464Å resulting in gaps ranging from a few Å to severaltens of Å. We use an automated classification scheme based onArtificial Neural Networks (ANN) to classify all 1273 stars in thedatabase. In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) is carried outto reduce the dimensionality of the data set before the spectra areclassified by the ANN. Most importantly, we have successfullydemonstrated employment of a variation of the PCA technique to restorethe missing data in a sample of 300 stars out of the CFLIB.
| The Indo-US Library of Coudé Feed Stellar Spectra
We have obtained spectra for 1273 stars using the 0.9 m coudéfeed telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory. This telescope feedsthe coudé spectrograph of the 2.1 m telescope. The spectra havebeen obtained with the no. 5 camera of the coudé spectrograph anda Loral 3K×1K CCD. Two gratings have been used to provide spectralcoverage from 3460 to 9464 Å, at a resolution of ~1 Å FWHMand at an original dispersion of 0.44 Å pixel-1. For885 stars we have complete spectra over the entire 3460 to 9464 Åwavelength region (neglecting small gaps of less than 50 Å), andpartial spectral coverage for the remaining stars. The 1273 stars havebeen selected to provide broad coverage of the atmospheric parametersTeff, logg, and [Fe/H], as well as spectral type. The goal ofthe project is to provide a comprehensive library of stellar spectra foruse in the automated classification of stellar and galaxy spectra and ingalaxy population synthesis. In this paper we discuss thecharacteristics of the spectral library, viz., details of theobservations, data reduction procedures, and selection of stars. We alsopresent a few illustrations of the quality and information available inthe spectra. The first version of the complete spectral library is nowpublicly available from the National Optical Astronomy Observatory(NOAO) via ftp and http.
| Rotational Velocities of B Stars
We measured the projected rotational velocities of 1092 northern B starslisted in the Bright Star Catalogue (BSC) and calibrated them againstthe 1975 Slettebak et al. system. We found that the published values ofB dwarfs in the BSC average 27% higher than those standards. Only 0.3%of the stars have rotational velocities in excess of two-thirds of thebreakup velocities, and the mean velocity is only 25% of breakup,implying that impending breakup is not a significant factor in reducingrotational velocities. For the B8-B9.5 III-V stars the bimodaldistribution in V can be explained by a set of slowly rotating Ap starsand a set of rapidly rotating normal stars. For the B0-B5 III-V starsthat include very few peculiar stars, the distributions in V are notbimodal. Are the low rotational velocities of B stars due to theoccurrence of frequent low-mass companions, planets, or disks? Therotational velocities of giants originating from late B dwarfs areconsistent with their conservation of angular momentum in shells.However, we are puzzled by why the giants that originate from the earlyB dwarfs, despite having 3 times greater radii, have nearly the samerotational velocities. We find that all B-type primaries in binarieswith periods less than 2.4 days have synchronized rotational and orbitalmotions; those with periods between 2.4 and 5.0 days are rotating withina factor 2 of synchronization or are ``nearly synchronized.'' Thecorresponding period ranges for A-type stars are 4.9 and 10.5 days, ortwice as large. We found that the rotational velocities of the primariesare synchronized earlier than their orbits are circularized. The maximumorbital period for circularized B binaries is 1.5 days and for Abinaries is 2.5 days. For stars of various ages from 107.5 to1010.2 yr the maximum circularized periods are a smoothexponential function of age.
| An ultra-high-resolution study of the interstellar medium in the direction of α Ophiuchi
I present very high resolution (R=400000 and R=880000) observations ofinterstellar Caii absorption lines towards eight early-type starssituated within 15° of α Oph on the sky. I confirm an earlierresult that the interstellar structure responsible for the anomalouslystrong Caii absorption towards α Oph has a spatial extent of<~1pc (and is probably very much smaller). Many discrete interstellarabsorption components are apparent in these high-resolution data, butwhile several have velocities in the range expected for the localinterstellar medium (LISM), no convincing detections of either the localinterstellar cloud (LIC), or the so-called G cloud, were made. In theformer case, I argue that the relatively weak LIC components are maskedby components arising in more distant clouds, but which have LISM-likevelocities owing to the pervasive influence of outflow from the Sco-Cenassociation. The non-detection of the G cloud is more problematical, andI tentatively argue that, previous claims notwithstanding, this featuredoes not extend to galactic latitudes as high as +15° in thisdirection.
| Speckle Interferometry at the US Naval Observatory. V.
The results of 1544 speckle interferometric observations of 637 binarystars, ranging in separation from 0.25" to 5.25", are tabulated. Theseobservations were obtained using the 66 cm refractor at the US NavalObservatory in Washington, DC, with an intensified CCD detector. This isthe fifth in a series of papers presenting measures obtained with thissystem and covers the period 1998 January 1 through December 31. Randomerrors for all measures are estimated to be 17.6 mas in separation and0.55d/ρ in position angle, where ρ is the separation inarcseconds.
| Speckle Interferometry at the US Naval Observatory. III.
Position angles and separations resulting from 2578 speckleinterferometric observations of 590 binary stars are tabulated. This isthe third in a series of papers presenting measures obtained using the66 cm refractor at the US Naval Observatory in Washington, DC, andcovers the period from 1995 June through 1996 December. Program starsrange in separation from 0.2" to 4.3", with a limiting magnitude ofV=11. Random errors are estimated to be 17.0 mas in separation and0.56d/rho in position angle, where rho is the separation in arcseconds.These are the first results acquired using an improved intensified CCDdetector. The new detector, in concert with an intensity-filteringtechnique applied in software, has permitted a 1 mag increase in dynamicrange, to 3.5 mag, for pairs separated by about 2". The instrumentationand calibration are briefly described, with an emphasis on thecharacteristics of the new detector. The software filter used toincrease the dynamic range is also described.
| Rotational Velocity Determinations for 164 Be and B Stars
Rotational velocities, v sin i, have been obtained for 96 Be and 68normal B stars by measurements of the FWHM of the He I lambda-4471 line(for spectral types B0-B4.5) and Mg II lambda-4481 (for types B5-B9.5).The consistency of various published sources is examined. (SECTION:Stars)
| The ROSAT all-sky survey catalogue of optically bright OB-type stars.
For the detailed statistical analysis of the X-ray emission of hot starswe selected all stars of spectral type O and B listed in the Yale BrightStar Catalogue and searched for them in the ROSAT All-Sky Survey. Inthis paper we describe the selection and preparation of the data andpresent a compilation of the derived X-ray data for a complete sample ofbright OB stars.
| Mesures et decouvertes d'etoiles doubles effectuees a la lunette de 50cm de l'Observatoire de Nice. Measures and discoveries of visual double stars made with the 50cm refractor at the Nice Observatory.
Measures and discoveries of visual double stars made at the Observatoirede la Cote d'Azur at Nice, between 1988 and 1994, with the 50cmrefractor equipped with a filar micrometer and electronic recordingdevice. The programs proposed by J. Dommanget involve the complement ofthe C.C.D.M. (resolving problems of identification of double stars andof coherency in the Index) and the INput CAtalog Hipparcos (resolutionof ambiguities on the binarity and on the position of certain doublestars which have seldom or never been observed again from the epoch ortheir discovery). The author has discovered three new binaries: JCT1,JCT2 and JCT3.
| The Relation between Rotational Velocities and Spectral Peculiarities among A-Type Stars
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1995ApJS...99..135A&db_key=AST
| Vitesses radiales. Catalogue WEB: Wilson Evans Batten. Subtittle: Radial velocities: The Wilson-Evans-Batten catalogue.
We give a common version of the two catalogues of Mean Radial Velocitiesby Wilson (1963) and Evans (1978) to which we have added the catalogueof spectroscopic binary systems (Batten et al. 1989). For each star,when possible, we give: 1) an acronym to enter SIMBAD (Set ofIdentifications Measurements and Bibliography for Astronomical Data) ofthe CDS (Centre de Donnees Astronomiques de Strasbourg). 2) the numberHIC of the HIPPARCOS catalogue (Turon 1992). 3) the CCDM number(Catalogue des Composantes des etoiles Doubles et Multiples) byDommanget & Nys (1994). For the cluster stars, a precise study hasbeen done, on the identificator numbers. Numerous remarks point out theproblems we have had to deal with.
| Highly ionized species and circumstellar shells in B8-A1 stars
The nature of the C IV and Si IV absorption seen in the spectra ofapparently normal late-type B and early-type A stars located within 200pc of the sun was investigated by examining a total of 93 archival IUEspectra of 41 stars. In three of these objects, variable or asymmetric CIV profiles indicate that the absorption features have a stellar origin.One star, HD 119921, showed shortward-shifted discrete C IV and Si IVabsorption components similar to those observed in Be stars. All of thestars with detected C IV in their spectra had large values of v sin i.Four of the stars showing C IV and Si IV also showed sharp absorptionfeatures in Si II, with two of these stars displaying variable Si IIfeatures. These results strongly suggest that these stars areunidentified Be/Ae and shell stars.
| ICCD speckle observations of binary stars. I - A survey for duplicity among the bright stars
A survey of a sample of 672 stars from the Yale Bright Star Catalog(Hoffleit, 1982) has been carried out using speckle interferometry onthe 3.6-cm Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope in order to establish thebinary star frequency within the sample. This effort was motivated bythe need for a more observationally determined basis for predicting thefrequency of failure of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) fine-guidancesensors to achieve guide-star lock due to duplicity. This survey of 426dwarfs and 246 evolved stars yielded measurements of 52 newly discoveredbinaries and 60 previously known binary systems. It is shown that thefrequency of close visual binaries in the separation range 0.04-0.25arcsec is 11 percent, or nearly 3.5 times that previously known.
| Carbon and nitrogen in B2 to A2 main-sequence stars
Carbon abundances are derived from the C II resonance doublet at 1335 Ain 108 main-sequence stars between 9000 and 21000 K from IUE archivaldata. Only alpha Leo and psi sq 2 Aqr are strongly carbon deficient(factors 14 and 50, resp.). The N I lines at 1493 and 1495 A weremeasured in 28 sharp-lined stars below 16500 K. Nitrogen anomalies arefound in 5 stars, but seem uncorrelated to the C abundances. Fourmechanisms for the depletion of carbon are discussed, but none issatisfactory.
| A study of visual double stars with early type primaries. IV Astrophysical data
Astrophysical parameters (MK class, color excess, absolute magnitude,distance, effective temperature, mass, and age) are derived fromcalibrations of the uvby-beta indices for the members of 253 doublestars with O or B type primaries and faint secondaries. The photometricspectral classification is compared to the MK classes, and the agreementis very good. The derived data together with spectroscopic and JHKL dataare used for deciding which pairs are likely to be physical and whichare optical, and it is shown that 98 (34 percent) of the secondaries arelikely to be members of physical systems. For 90 percent of the physicalpairs the projected separation between the components is less than25,000 AU. A majority of the physical secondaries are late-type stars,and 50 percent of them are contracting towards the zero-agemain-sequence. Also presented are new uvby-beta data for 43 secondariesand a computer program for determining astrophysical parameters fromuvby-beta data.
| The local system of early type stars - Spatial extent and kinematics
Published uvby and H-beta photometric data and proper motions arecompiled and analyzed to characterize the structure and kinematics ofthe bright early-type O-A0 stars in the solar vicinity, with a focus onthe Gould belt. The selection and calibration techniques are explained,and the data are presented in extensive tables and graphs and discussedin detail. The Gould belt stars of age less than 20 Myr are shown togive belt inclination 19 deg to the Galactic plane and node-lineorientation in the direction of Galactic rotation, while the symmetricaldistribution about the Galactic plane and kinematic properties (purecircular differential rotation) of the belt stars over 60 Myr oldresemble those of fainter nonbelt stars of all ages. The unresolveddiscrepancy between the expansion observed in the youngest nearby starsand the predictions of simple models of expansion from a point isattributed to the inhomogeneous distribution of interstellar matter.
| The A0 stars
A photometric grid, standardized on MK spectral standards, has been usedto compare spectral types and luminosity classes obtainedphotometrically with those in two extensive spectral surveys coveringthe entire sky. Major discrepancies include the spectroscopicclassification of B9.5, which may indicate an otherwise unrecognizedspectral peculiarity, a different A0/A1 spectral type boundary in thetwo samples involved, the well-known misclassification of weak heliumstars, and an appreciable percentage of stars which are called dwarfsspectroscopically but are of higher photometric luminosity. The spacemotion vectors of these stars for which radial velocities are available,and excluding the minimum of 25 percent that are spectroscopic binarieswithout orbital elements, show structure in their distribution in the(U, V)-plane, with members of the Local Association and the Hyades andSirius superclusters forming obvious concentrations. The members of theLocal Association in the samples are mainly old (more than 200 millionyears) mode A stars, although a few much younger stars are included. Themembers of the Hyades and Sirius superclusters contain many bluestragglers, including several peculiar stars of the Hg, Mn, and Sivarieties.
| A study of visual double stars with early type primaries. II - Photometric results
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1983A&AS...51..161L&db_key=AST
| A study of visual double stars with early type primaries. I - Spectroscopic results
Attention is given to spectral peculiarities found in data on thespectral classes of 486 stars in 254 visual doublet or multiplet systemswith O or B type primaries, in order to isolate a group of very youngstars that may serve for the study of early stellar evolutioncharacteristics. It is noted that the material contains a substantialfraction of secondaries that are likely to be physical, and that severalof these may be in the premain-sequence phase of stellar evolution, orhave reached the zero-age main sequence.
| Late B-type stars - Rotation and the incidence of HgMn stars
High-dispersion spectrograms for an unbiased sample of 256 late B-typestars are examined in an attempt to determine whether slow rotation isnecessary and sufficient for the appearance of HgMn anomalies innonmagnetic stars. The peculiar stars in the sample are identified,values of v sin i are derived for all the stars observed, and theradial-velocity variations of the identified HgMn stars are analyzed.The distribution of rotational velocities for late B-type stars isobtained, and the role of rotation in producing extended envelopes isevaluated. The binary frequency and mass-ratio distribution are derivedfor systems containing HgMn components, the effect of duplicity on thedistribution of rotational velocities is estimated, and the role of suchfactors as rotation, age, and binary characteristics in determiningwhether HgMn anomalies are present is investigated. The results clearlyshow that HgMn stars occur only within a limited temperature range, thatall such stars rotate slowly, but that rotation, effective temperature,age, surface gravity, and binary properties do not serve to determinewhether a star will exhibit abundance anomalies.
| Is star formation bimodal ? II. The nearest early-type stars.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1977PASP...89..187E&db_key=AST
| Four-color and H beta photometry for the bright B8 and B9 type stars north of declination -10 degre.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1973AJ.....78..738C&db_key=AST
| Observations of the 21-CM Hydrogen Line Toward High-Latitude Stars
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1969ApJ...157.1101G&db_key=AST
| U, b, v, and Hβ Photometry for the Bright B8- and B9-TYPE Stars.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1963ApJ...137..530C&db_key=AST
| Interstellar Gas Near the Sun.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1962ApJ...135..711M&db_key=AST
| Spectral Classification of 533 B8-A2 Stars and the Mean Absolute Magnitude of a0 V Stars.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1959ApJ...130..159O&db_key=AST
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